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Preface | |
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Introduction | |
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The Field of Fluid Mechanics | |
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The Continuum | |
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Local Properties in a Continuum | |
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Body and Surface Forces | |
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Stress at a Point | |
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Definition of a Fluid | |
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Units and Dimensions | |
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Dimensional Homogeneity | |
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Fluid Properties | |
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Problems | |
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Stress in a Fluid | |
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The Momentum Equations | |
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Index Notation | |
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Moments on a Cube | |
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Forces at a Point on a Plane | |
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The Elementary Tetrahedron | |
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Stress in a Fluid at Rest | |
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Stress in a Moving Fluid | |
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A Case where the Stress Is Not Constant | |
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The Stress Tensor | |
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Transformation of Coordinates--Vectors | |
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Transformation of Coordinates--Tensors | |
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Principal Directions | |
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Identical Principal Stresses--Pascal's Law | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Fluid Statics | |
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The Equation of Hydrostatics | |
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Manometers | |
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Equation of Hydrostatics in Accelerating Frames of Reference | |
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Forces Acting on Submerged Surfaces | |
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Force on a Submerged Plane Surface | |
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Forces on Submerged Surfaces--The General Case | |
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Hydrostatic Stability | |
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Problems | |
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Fluids in Motion--Integral Analysis | |
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Thermodynamic Systems and Control Volumes | |
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Reynolds Transport Theorem | |
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Control Volume Analysis of Conservation of Mass | |
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Conservation of Mass under Steady State Conditions | |
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The Momentum Theorem for a Control Volume | |
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Other Forces on the Control Volume | |
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Angular Momentum Theorem for a Control Volume | |
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Correction Factor for Average Velocity in Momentum Theorem | |
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Problems | |
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Fluids in Motion--Differential Analysis | |
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Differential Representation | |
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Streamlines, Stream Sheets and Stream Tubes | |
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The Material Derivative | |
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Conservation of Mass--The Equation of Continuity | |
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Newton's Second Law of Motion | |
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Newton's Law of Viscosity | |
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Analysis of Deformation | |
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Newtonian Fluids | |
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The Navier--Stokes Equations | |
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The Euler Equations | |
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Solutions for Two-dimensional Flows--The Stream Function | |
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The Pressure in the Momentum Equations | |
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Problems | |
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Exact Solutions of the Navier-Stokes Equations | |
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Flows between Parallel Plates | |
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Time-independent Flows | |
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Time-dependent Flow--The Rayleigh Problem | |
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Steady Flow in a Round Tube | |
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Flow in an Axisymmetric Annulus | |
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Flow between Rotating Concentric Cylinders | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Energy Equations | |
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Bernoulli's Equation | |
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Static, Dynamic and Total Pressures | |
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Extension to Compressible Flows | |
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Modifications of the Bernoulli Equation for Conduit Flow | |
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Low Pressures Predicted by Bernoulli's Equation | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Similitude and Order of Magnitude | |
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Dimensionless Equations | |
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Similitude | |
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Hidden Characteristic Quantities | |
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Order of Magnitude | |
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Estimates fo the Characteristic Quantities | |
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The Concept of Perturbations | |
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Singular Perturbations | |
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The Boundary Layer Equations | |
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Buckingham's [pi] Theorem | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Flows with Negligible Acceleration | |
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Flow in Narrow Gaps | |
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Reynolds Lubrication Theory | |
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Creeping Flows | |
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Two-dimensional Flows | |
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Axisymmetric Flows | |
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Stokes Flow around a Sphere | |
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Stokes Flow around a Cylinder | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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High Reynolds Number Flows--Regions Far from Solid Boundaries | |
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Negligible Shear--The Euler Equations | |
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Irrotational Motion | |
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Potential Flow | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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High Reynolds Number Flows--The Boundary Layer | |
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Flow over a Flat Plate--The Blasius Solution | |
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Von Karman--Pohlhausen Integral Method | |
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The Two-dimensional Laminar Jet | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Turbulent Flow | |
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Reynolds Experiment | |
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The Nature of Turbulence | |
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The Equations of Motion in Turbulent Flow | |
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Prandtl Mixing Length, Generalized Profiles | |
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The Moody Diagram | |
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Flow in Pipes | |
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Flow through Pipe Fittings | |
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Noncircular Pipes | |
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Coefficient of Drag | |
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Flow-induced Lift Forces | |
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Flowrate Measurement | |
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Turbulent Boundary Layers | |
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Integral Solutions for Boundary Layers | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Compressible Flow | |
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Speed of Infinitesimal Disturbances--Sonic Speed | |
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Propagation of Finite Disturbances | |
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The Piston Analogy | |
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Quasi-one-dimensional Flow, Stagnation Properties | |
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Nozzle Flow | |
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Mass Flux through the Nozzle | |
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The Design and Performance of a Nozzle | |
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Tables of One-dimensional Compressible Flow | |
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Nonisentropic One-dimensional Flows | |
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Pipe Flow with Friction | |
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Frictionless Pipe Flow with Heat Transfer | |
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Shock Wave Relations | |
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Oblique Shocks and Prandtl--Mayer Expansion | |
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Lift and Drag | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Non-Newtonian Fluids | |
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Flow of a Power-law Fluid in a Circular Tube | |
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Flow of a Bingham Plastic Material between Parallel Plates | |
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The Boundary Layer Equations for a Power-law Fluid | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Appendixes | |
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Index | |