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List of illustrations | |
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List of maps | |
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Acknowledgements | |
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List of abbreviations | |
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The Carolingian family (simplified) | |
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The children and grandchildren of Charlemagne | |
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Introduction | |
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The dawn of the Carolingian age | |
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Was there a Carolingian world? | |
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The sources for the Carolingian world | |
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The creation of Carolingian kingship to 800 | |
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Replacing the ruling dynasty | |
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The Merovingian world and Carolingian origins | |
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Charles Martel and the extension of Carolingian power | |
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Securing Carolingian hegemony: Pippin III | |
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Charlemagne as king | |
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Belief and culture | |
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The problem of Christianisation | |
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The problem of sin | |
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Christian leadership and learning | |
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Inventing the Carolingian empire: politics and government, 800-840 | |
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Introduction | |
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The imperial coronation | |
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Governing the empire | |
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Dynastic politics, c.806-827 | |
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Kingship and 'subkingship' | |
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Revolt and recovery: dynastic politics 827-840 | |
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Villages and villagers, land and landowners | |
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Introduction: interpreting Carolingian society | |
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Villages | |
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Landowning and landowners | |
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Community and mobility | |
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Landlords and manors | |
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The problem of economic growth | |
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The powerful and the poor: social conflict in the Carolingian countryside | |
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Conclusion: community and conflict | |
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Elite society | |
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Introduction | |
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Aristocratic identity: vocabulary, appearance and lifestyle | |
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Aristocratic behaviour: upbringing, morality and culture | |
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Aristocratic families | |
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Aristocratic resources and relationships: honores, benefices and lordship | |
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Exchange and trade: the Carolingian economy | |
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Introduction: interpreting the Carolingian economy | |
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Mechanisms of exchange | |
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The North Sea economy | |
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The transformation of the emporia: the ninth century | |
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The Vikings and the Frankish economy | |
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Italy and the Mediterranean economy | |
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Conclusion: was there a Carolingian economy? | |
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Sustaining the Carolingian empire: politics and government, 840-888 | |
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Introduction: fraternal rivalry, 840-843 | |
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Fraternal love, 843-877 | |
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Government and resources | |
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The end of the empire, 877-888 | |
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Epilogue | |
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Bibliography | |
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Index | |