| |
| |
Acknowledgement | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Table of cases | |
| |
| |
Table of treaties | |
| |
| |
List of abbreviations | |
| |
| |
| |
The General Framework | |
| |
| |
| |
The sources | |
| |
| |
| |
The semantics | |
| |
| |
| |
Inter-state armed conflicts | |
| |
| |
| |
Military necessity and humanitarian considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
Humanitarian law and human rights | |
| |
| |
| |
Dissemination | |
| |
| |
| |
Lawful Combatancy | |
| |
| |
| |
Combatants and civilians | |
| |
| |
| |
Lawful and unlawful combatants | |
| |
| |
| |
The entitlement to prisoners of war status under customary international law | |
| |
| |
| |
The Legal Position under Protocol I of 1977 | |
| |
| |
| |
A case study: the war in Afghanistan | |
| |
| |
| |
Mercenaries | |
| |
| |
| |
Armed merchant vessels | |
| |
| |
| |
Prohibited Weapons | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
The principle prohibiting unnecessary suffering | |
| |
| |
| |
Explicit prohibitions and restrictions of certain weapons | |
| |
| |
| |
The status of nuclear weapons | |
| |
| |
| |
Development of new weapons | |
| |
| |
| |
Legitimate Military Objectives | |
| |
| |
| |
The principle of distinction and military objectives | |
| |
| |
| |
The definition of military objectives by nature, location, purpose and use | |
| |
| |
| |
General problems relating to the scope of military objectives | |
| |
| |
| |
Defended and undefended localities in land warfare | |
| |
| |
| |
Special problems relating to sea warfare | |
| |
| |
| |
Special problems relating to air warfare | |
| |
| |
| |
The Protection of Civilians and Civilian Objects from Attack | |
| |
| |
| |
Definitions | |
| |
| |
| |
Direct attacks against civilians | |
| |
| |
| |
Indiscriminate attacks | |
| |
| |
| |
The principle of proportionality | |
| |
| |
| |
Legitimate collateral damage | |
| |
| |
| |
Precautions in attack | |
| |
| |
| |
Cessation of protection and 'human shields' | |
| |
| |
| |
Starvation of civilians | |
| |
| |
| |
Measures of Special Protection | |
| |
| |
| |
Persons entitled to special protection | |
| |
| |
| |
Cultural property and places of worship | |
| |
| |
| |
Medical units | |
| |
| |
| |
Works and installations containing dangerous forces | |
| |
| |
| |
Protection of the Environment | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
The international legal texts | |
| |
| |
| |
The dissimilarities between the ENMOD convention and protocol I | |
| |
| |
| |
A case study: setting fire to oil wells in the Gulf War | |
| |
| |
| |
Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
Other Methods and Means of Warfare | |
| |
| |
| |
Perfidy and ruses of war | |
| |
| |
| |
Espionage | |
| |
| |
| |
Seizure and destruction of enemy property | |
| |
| |
| |
Belligerent reprisals | |
| |
| |
| |
War crimes, command responsibility and defences | |
| |
| |
| |
The definition of war crimes | |
| |
| |
| |
The Distinction between war criminals and unlawful combatants | |
| |
| |
| |
Command responsibility | |
| |
| |
| |
Admissible and inadmissible defences | |
| |
| |
General conclusions | |
| |
| |
Index | |