| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| About the Authors | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Classical Civilization of China | |
| |
| |
| |
| "China" in Antiquity | |
| |
| |
| The Neolithic Age | |
| |
| |
| The Rise of the Bronze Age | |
| |
| |
| Erlitou and Xia | |
| |
| |
| The Shang | |
| |
| |
| The Origins of Chinese Writing | |
| |
| |
| Oracle Bones | |
| |
| |
| Bronze Vessels | |
| |
| |
| Other Bronze Age Civilizations | |
| |
| |
| The Western Zhou Dynasty | |
| |
| |
| The Odes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Turbulent Times and Classical Thought | |
| |
| |
| The Spring and Autumn Period | |
| |
| |
| The Warring States Period | |
| |
| |
| "The Hundred Schools" | |
| |
| |
| The Analects | |
| |
| |
| Mozi | |
| |
| |
| Mencius | |
| |
| |
| Xunzi | |
| |
| |
| Laozi and Zhuangzi | |
| |
| |
| Han Feizi | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Early Imperial Period | |
| |
| |
| The Qin | |
| |
| |
| Sources and Historiographical Problems | |
| |
| |
| Reappraisals | |
| |
| |
| The Han | |
| |
| |
| The Formative Years | |
| |
| |
| The Quality of Han Rule | |
| |
| |
| The Xiongnu and Other Neighboring Peoples | |
| |
| |
| Intellectual Movements | |
| |
| |
| Poetry | |
| |
| |
| Gender | |
| |
| |
| Changes in Political Economy during the Han Period | |
| |
| |
| The Fall of the Han | |
| |
| |
| |
| China in a Buddhist Age | |
| |
| |
| The Fundamentals of Buddhism | |
| |
| |
| |
| China during the Period of Disunity | |
| |
| |
| A World in Disarray | |
| |
| |
| China Divided | |
| |
| |
| The Northern Wei (386-534) | |
| |
| |
| Buddhism in the North | |
| |
| |
| Daoism-The Religion | |
| |
| |
| The South | |
| |
| |
| Poetry | |
| |
| |
| Calligraphy | |
| |
| |
| Painting | |
| |
| |
| Buddhism in the South | |
| |
| |
| China on the Eve of Reunification | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Cosmopolitan Civilization of the Sui and Tang: 581-907 | |
| |
| |
| The Sui (581-617) | |
| |
| |
| The Tang: Establishment and Consolidation | |
| |
| |
| Gaozong and Empress Wu | |
| |
| |
| High Tang | |
| |
| |
| City Life in the Capital Chang'an | |
| |
| |
| The Flourishing of Buddhism | |
| |
| |
| Institutionally | |
| |
| |
| Aesthetically | |
| |
| |
| Intellectually | |
| |
| |
| Pure Land and Chan | |
| |
| |
| The Hungry Ghost Festival | |
| |
| |
| Daoism | |
| |
| |
| The Rebellion of An Lushan (755-763) | |
| |
| |
| Li Bai and Du Fu | |
| |
| |
| Late Tang | |
| |
| |
| Late Tang Poetry and Culture | |
| |
| |
| Collapse of the Dynasty | |
| |
| |
| |
| Late Imperial/Early Modern Period | |
| |
| |
| |
| China during the Song: 960-1279 | |
| |
| |
| The Founding | |
| |
| |
| The New Elite | |
| |
| |
| The Examination System | |
| |
| |
| The Northern Song (960-1127) | |
| |
| |
| Government and Politics | |
| |
| |
| Wang Anshi | |
| |
| |
| The Economy | |
| |
| |
| The Religious Scene | |
| |
| |
| The Confucian Revival | |
| |
| |
| Poetry and Painting | |
| |
| |
| The Southern Song (1127-1279) | |
| |
| |
| Southern Song Cities and Commerce | |
| |
| |
| Literary and Visual Arts | |
| |
| |
| "Neo-Confucianism" | |
| |
| |
| Values and Gender | |
| |
| |
| The End | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Mongol Empire and the Yuan Dynasty | |
| |
| |
| Chinggis Khan: Founding of the Mongol Empire | |
| |
| |
| China under the Mongols: The Early Years (1211-1260) | |
| |
| |
| Kublai Khan and the Early Yuan | |
| |
| |
| The Yuan Continued (1294-1355) | |
| |
| |
| The Economy | |
| |
| |
| Society | |
| |
| |
| Religion | |
| |
| |
| Cultural and Intellectual Life | |
| |
| |
| "Northern" Drama | |
| |
| |
| Painting | |
| |
| |
| Rebellions and Disintegration | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Ming Dynasty: 1368-1644 | |
| |
| |
| The Early Ming (1368-1424) | |
| |
| |
| Maritime Expeditions (1405-1433) | |
| |
| |
| The Early Middle Period (1425-1505) | |
| |
| |
| The Later Middle Period (1506-1590) | |
| |
| |
| Economy and Society | |
| |
| |
| Literacy and Literature | |
| |
| |
| The Novel | |
| |
| |
| Drama | |
| |
| |
| Painting | |
| |
| |
| Ming Thought-Wang Yangming | |
| |
| |
| Religion | |
| |
| |
| Ming Thought after Wang Yangming | |
| |
| |
| Dong Qichang and Late Ming Painting | |
| |
| |
| Late Ming Government (1590-1644) | |
| |
| |
| |
| East Asia and Modern Europe: First Encounters | |
| |
| |
| The Portuguese in East Asia | |
| |
| |
| The Jesuits in Japan | |
| |
| |
| The Impact of Other Europeans | |
| |
| |
| The "Closing" of Japan | |
| |
| |
| The Jesuits in China | |
| |
| |
| The Rites Controversy | |
| |
| |
| The Decline of Christianity in China | |
| |
| |
| Trade with the West and the Canton System | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Qing Dynasty | |
| |
| |
| The Founding of the Qing | |
| |
| |
| Early Qing Thinkers and Painters | |
| |
| |
| The Reign of Kangxi | |
| |
| |
| Yongzheng | |
| |
| |
| Qianlong | |
| |
| |
| Eighteenth-Century Governance | |
| |
| |
| Eighteenth-Century Literati Culture | |
| |
| |
| Fiction | |
| |
| |
| A Buoyant Economy | |
| |
| |
| Social Change | |
| |
| |
| Ecology | |
| |
| |
| Dynastic Decline | |
| |
| |
| |
| China in the Modern World | |
| |
| |
| |
| Internal Crises and Western Intrusion | |
| |
| |
| The Opium War and Taiping Rebellion | |
| |
| |
| The Opium War (1839-1841) and Its Causes | |
| |
| |
| The Treaty of Nanjing and the Treaty System | |
| |
| |
| Internal Crisis | |
| |
| |
| The Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) | |
| |
| |
| Zeng Guofan and the Defeat of the Taipings | |
| |
| |
| China and the World from the Treaty of Nanjing to the End of the Taipings | |
| |
| |
| 1870-1894 | |
| |
| |
| The Post-Taiping Revival | |
| |
| |
| Self-Strengthening-The First Phase | |
| |
| |
| Self-Strengthening-The Theory | |
| |
| |
| The Empress Dowager and the Government | |
| |
| |
| Education | |
| |
| |
| Economic Self-Strengthening | |
| |
| |
| The Traditional Economic Sector | |
| |
| |
| Missionary Efforts and Christian Influences | |
| |
| |
| Old and New Wine in Old Bottles | |
| |
| |
| Foreign Relations | |
| |
| |
| Continued Pressures | |
| |
| |
| Vietnam and the Sino-French War of 1884-1885 | |
| |
| |
| |
| China: Endings and Beginnings, 1894-1927 | |
| |
| |
| The Last Years of the Last Dynasty | |
| |
| |
| The New Reformers | |
| |
| |
| The Scramble for Concessions | |
| |
| |
| The Boxer Rising | |
| |
| |
| Winds of Change | |
| |
| |
| Stirrings of Protest and Revolution | |
| |
| |
| Eleventh-Hour Reform | |
| |
| |
| The Revolution of 1911 | |
| |
| |
| From Yuan Shikai to Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) | |
| |
| |
| Yuan Shikai | |
| |
| |
| The Warlord Era | |
| |
| |
| Intellectual Ferment | |
| |
| |
| Intellectual Alternatives | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Alternatives | |
| |
| |
| Marxism in China: The Early Years | |
| |
| |
| The GMD and Sun Yat-Sen (1913-1923) | |
| |
| |
| GMD and CCP Cooperation (1923-1927) | |
| |
| |
| The Break | |
| |
| |
| Establishment of the Nationalist Government | |
| |
| |
| |
| Building a New China | |
| |
| |
| |
| China under the Nationalists | |
| |
| |
| China: The Nanjing Decade-An Uneasy Peace | |
| |
| |
| China: The Nanjing Decade-Domestic Policies | |
| |
| |
| The Chinese Communists (1927-1934) | |
| |
| |
| The Long March | |
| |
| |
| United Front and War | |
| |
| |
| Expansion of the War into a Pacific War | |
| |
| |
| The Course of the War | |
| |
| |
| China at War | |
| |
| |
| Japan at War | |
| |
| |
| The End of World War II | |
| |
| |
| Taiwan | |
| |
| |
| China: Civil War and Communist Triumph (1946-1949) | |
| |
| |
| |
| China under Mao: 1949-1976 | |
| |
| |
| Consolidation and Construction Soviet Style, 1949-1958 | |
| |
| |
| Government and Politics | |
| |
| |
| Foreign Relations and the Korean War | |
| |
| |
| Economic Policies | |
| |
| |
| Thought Reform and Intellectuals | |
| |
| |
| The Revolution Continued, 1958-1976 | |
| |
| |
| The Great Leap Forward and the Great Famine | |
| |
| |
| The Sino-Soviet Split | |
| |
| |
| Domestic Politics, 1961-1965 | |
| |
| |
| The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution: The Radical Phase, 1966-1969 | |
| |
| |
| The Winding Down, 1969-1976 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Chinese World since Mao 3 | |
| |
| |
| Deng Xiaoping and the Four Modernizations | |
| |
| |
| The Four Cardinal Principles | |
| |
| |
| Intellectual Life and the Arts in the 1980s | |
| |
| |
| Tiananmen | |
| |
| |
| State, Economy, and Society after 1989 | |
| |
| |
| The Environment | |
| |
| |
| The Revival of Religion | |
| |
| |
| Foreign Relations and Hong Kong | |
| |
| |
| Intellectuals and Artists after 1989 | |
| |
| |
| Taiwan | |
| |
| |
| Afterword | |
| |
| |
| International Tensions | |
| |
| |
| Economic Globalization | |
| |
| |
| Contending Trends | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Globalization | |
| |
| |
| Appendix: Suggestions for Further Study | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| Index | |