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Preface | |
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To the Student: An Introduction to Theory into Practice | |
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The Relationship Of Reading And Writing | |
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Reading and Writing in College | |
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Engaging the Text | |
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Adding Marginal Notations | |
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Keeping a Reading Log | |
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Using Heuristics | |
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Shaping a Response | |
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Determining a Purpose and Understanding Forms of Response | |
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Answering Essay Questions | |
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Writing Research Papers | |
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Knowing Your Audience | |
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Choosing a Voice | |
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Helping the Process | |
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Collaboration | |
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Reference Materials | |
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Summing up | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Familiar Approaches | |
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Conventional Ways of Reading Literature | |
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A Social Perspective | |
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The Effects of Genre | |
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Conventional Ways of Writing about Literature | |
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Explication | |
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Analysis | |
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Comparison and ContraSt. Study of a Single Author's Works | |
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Summing up | |
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Suggested Reading and Resources | |
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Model Student Analyses | |
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"Between Gloom and Splendor: A Historical Analysis of Hawthorne's 'Young Goodman Brown,'" | |
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Formalism | |
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Historical Background | |
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Russian Formalism | |
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Reading as a FormaliSt. Form | |
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Diction | |
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Unity | |
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What Doesn't Appear in Formalist Criticism | |
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Paraphrase | |
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Intention | |
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Biography | |
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Affect | |
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Writing a Formalist Analysis | |
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Prewriting | |
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Drafting and Revising | |
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The Introduction | |
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The Body | |
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The Conclusion | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Model Student Analysis | |
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"Robinson's 'Richard Cory': A Formalistic Interpretation," | |
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Psychological Criticism | |
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Historical Background | |
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Practicing Psychological Criticism | |
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Freudian Principles | |
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The Unconscious | |
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The Tripartite Psyche | |
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The Significance of Sexuality | |
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The Importance of Dreams | |
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Symbols | |
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Creativity | |
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Summing up | |
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Carl Jung and Mythological Criticism | |
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Characters | |
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Images | |
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Situations | |
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Northrop Frye and Mythological Criticism | |
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Jacques Lacan: An Update on Freud | |
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Character Analysis | |
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Antirealism | |
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Jouissance | |
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Writing Psychological Criticism | |
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Prewriting | |
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Drafting and Revising | |
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The Introduction | |
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The Body | |
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The Conclusion | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Model Student Analyses | |
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"'Thou Hast They Music Too': Loss as Art in John Keats' 'To Autumn'" | |
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"Power and Desire in Ernest Gaines' 'The Sky is Gray'" | |
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Marxist Criticism | |
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Historical Background | |
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Reading from a Marxist Perspective | |
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Economic Power | |
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Materialism versus Spirituality | |
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Class Conflict | |
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Art, Literature, and Ideologies | |
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Writing a Marxist Analysis | |
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Prewriting | |
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Drafting and Revising | |
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The Introduction | |
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The Body | |
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The Conclusion | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Model Student Analysis | |
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"Silence, Violence, and Southern Agrarian Class Conflict in William Faulkner's 'Barn Burning'" | |
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Feminist Criticism | |
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Historical Background | |
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Feminism | |
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Queer Theory | |
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Reading as a FeminiSt. Studies of Difference | |
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Studies of Power | |
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Studies of the Female Experience | |
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Writing Feminist Criticism | |
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Prewriting | |
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Drafting and Revising | |
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The Introduction | |
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The Body | |
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The Conclusion | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Model Student Analysis | |
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"The Road from Mother: A Daughter's Struggle" | |
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Reader-Response Criticism | |
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Historical Background | |
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Making a Reader's Response | |
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Getting Started | |
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Interacting with the Text | |
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The Text Acts on the Reader | |
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The Reader Acts on the Text | |
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The Transactional Model | |
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Writing a Reader-Response Analysis | |
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Prewriting | |
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Drafting and Revising | |
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The Introduction | |
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The Body | |
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The Conclusion | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Model Student Analysis | |
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"Discovering the Way the World Works: A Reader-Response Analysis of James Joyce's 'Araby'" | |
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Deconstruction | |
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Historical Background | |
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Practicing Deconstruction | |
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Making a Deconstructive Analysis | |
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Writing a Deconstructive Analysis | |
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Prewriting | |
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Drafting and Revising | |
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The Introduction | |
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The Body | |
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The Conclusion | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Model Student Analysis | |
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"The Blame Game" by Katherine Meister | |
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Cultural Studies: New Historicism | |
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An Overview of Cultural Studies | |
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Assumptions, Principles, and Goals of New Historicism | |
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Traditional Historicism | |
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New Historicism | |
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New Literary Historicism | |
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Historical Background | |
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Reading as a New HistoriciSt. The World of the Author and the Text | |
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Discourses in the Text | |
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Intentions and Reception | |
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Writing a New Historicist Literary Analysis | |
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Prewriting | |
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Drafting and Revising | |
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The Introduction | |
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The Body | |
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The Conclusion | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Model Student Analysis | |
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"The Economics of Paranoia in Nadine Gordimer's 'Once Upon a Time'" | |
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More Cultural Studies: Postcolonialism And Multiculturalism | |
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Postcolonialism | |
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Historical Background | |
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Basic Assumptions | |
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Reading as a PostcolonialiSt. Presentation of Colonialism | |
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Treatment of Characters | |
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Validity of the Narrative | |
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Expressions of Nativism (Nationalism) | |
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Recurring Subjects and Themes | |
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Context | |
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Minor Characters | |
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Political Statement and Innuendo | |
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Similarities | |
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American Multiculturalism | |
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African American Literature | |
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Reading as a MulticulturaliSt. Narrative Forms | |
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Diction | |
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Style | |
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Writing a Cultural Studies Analysis | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Model Student Analyses | |
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"Victims Already: Violence and Threat in Nadine Gordimer's 'Once upon a Time'" | |
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"Langston Hughes and the Dream of America" | |
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Ecocriticism | |
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What Is It? | |
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Historical Background | |
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Getting Started as an Ecocritic | |
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Selecting a Text | |
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Choosing an Approach | |
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Questioning the Representation of Nature | |
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Looking at Nature Writing | |
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Examining Ecocritical Issues and Questions | |
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Writing Ecocriticism | |
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Prewriting | |
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Drafting and Revising | |
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The Introduction | |
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The Body | |
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The Conclusion | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Model Student Analysis | |
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"The Function of Nature in John Keats' 'To Autumn'" | |
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Literary Selections | |
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Letters of Abigail and John Adams | |
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Jill Ker Conway excerpt from The Road from Coorain | |
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William Faulkner "Barn Burning" | |
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Robert Frost "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" | |
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Ernest J. Gaines "The Sky Is Gray" | |
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Nadine Gordimer "Once upon a Time" | |
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Nathaniel Hawthorne "Young Goodman Brown" | |
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Langston Hughes "I, Too" | |
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Langston Hughes "Theme for English B" | |
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Zora Neale Hurston excerpt from The Eatonville Anthology | |
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James Joyce "Araby" | |
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John Keats "To Autumn" | |
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Guy de Maupassant "The Diamond Necklace" | |
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Edgar Allan Poe "The Masque of the Red Death" | |
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Edwin Arlington Robinson "Richard Cory" | |
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Information At A Glance | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |