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| Preface | |
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| Social Welfare: Its Business, History, and Future | |
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| Goal of Social Welfare | |
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| Social Welfare as an Institution and as a Discipline | |
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| Social Welfare's Relationship to Sociology and to Other Academic Disciplines | |
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| Social Welfare's Relationship to Social Work | |
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| Social Welfare's Relationship to Other Institutions | |
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| Social Welfare's Relationship to Human Services | |
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| Residual View versus Institutional View of Social Welfare | |
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| Liberalism versus Conservatism | |
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| Developmental View of Social Welfare | |
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| History of Social Welfare | |
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| Early European History | |
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| The Elizabethan Poor Law | |
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| The Industrial Revolution | |
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| Turn of the 20th Century | |
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| The Great Depression and the Social Security Act | |
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| The Great Society and War on Poverty | |
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| Conservatism in the 1970s and 1980s | |
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| A Move toward Liberalism-and Back-in the 1990s | |
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| The Devolution Revolution | |
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| Compassionate Conservatism | |
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| Barack Obama-Will Change Come? | |
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| Where Do We Stand Today? | |
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| The Future | |
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| Dramatic Changes Foreseen in the American Family | |
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| Biomedical Technology | |
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| New Family Forms | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Summary | |
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| Social Work as a Profession and a Career | |
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| A Brief History of Social Work | |
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| A Multiskilled Profession | |
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| A Problem-Solving Approach | |
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| Generalist Social Work Practice | |
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| Micro-, Mezzo-, and Macropractice | |
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| Social Casework | |
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| Case Management | |
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| Group Work | |
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| Group Therapy | |
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| Family Therapy | |
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| Community Organization | |
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| Administration | |
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| A Medical versus a Systems Model of Human Behavior | |
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| An Ecological Model of Human Behavior | |
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| Goals of Social Work Practice | |
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| Enhance the Problem-Solving, Coping, and Developmental Capacities of People | |
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| Link People with Systems That Provide Them with Resources, Services, and Opportunities | |
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| Promote the Effectiveness and Humane Operation of Systems That Provide People with Resources and Services | |
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| Develop and Improve Social Policy | |
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| Promote Human and Community Well-Being | |
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| The Strengths Perspective and Empowerment | |
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| Social Work Stereotypes | |
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| Employment Settings and Opportunities in Social Work | |
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| Private Practice of Social Work | |
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| International Social Work | |
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| Self-Awareness and Identity Development | |
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| Identity Formation | |
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| Questions for Arriving at a Sense of Identity | |
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| Summary | |
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| Generalist Social Work Practice | |
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| Generalist Social Work Practice Defined | |
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| The Change Process | |
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| Educational Policy 2.1.10(a)-Engagement | |
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| Educational Policy 2.1.10(b)-Assessment | |
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| Educational Policy 2.1.10(c)-Intervention | |
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| Educational Policy 2.1.10(d)-Evaluation | |
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| Engaging Clients in an Appropriate Working Relationship | |
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| Identifying Issues, Problems, Needs, Resources, and Assets | |
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| Collecting and Assessing Information | |
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| Planning for Service Delivery | |
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| Using Communication Skills, Supervision, and Consultation | |
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| Identifying, Analyzing, and Implementing Empirically Based Interventions Designed to Achieve Client Goals | |
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| Applying Empirical Knowledge and Technological Advances | |
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| Evaluating Program Outcomes and Practice Effectiveness | |
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| A Variety of Roles | |
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| Enabler | |
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| Broker | |
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| Advocate | |
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| Activist | |
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| Mediator | |
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| Negotiator | |
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| Educator | |
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| Initiator | |
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| Empowerer | |
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| Coordinator | |
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| Researcher | |
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| Group Facilitator | |
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| Public Speaker | |
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| Social Work with Individuals | |
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| Social Work with Families | |
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| Family Problems | |
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| Satir's Family Therapy Approach | |
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| Social Work with Groups | |
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| Therapy Groups | |
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| Social Work with Organizations | |
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| Social Work with the Community | |
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| A Brief History of Community Practice | |
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| Models of Community Practice | |
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| Knowledge, Skills, and Values for Social Work Practice | |
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| Educational Policy 2.1-Core Competencies | |
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| Educational Policy B2.2-Generalist Practice | |
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| Educational Policy M2.2-Advanced Practice | |
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| Educational Policy 2.3-Signature Pedagogy: Field Education | |
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| Social Work Values | |
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| Respect for the Dignity and Uniqueness of the Individual | |
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| Clients' Right to Self-Determination | |
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| Confidentiality | |
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| Advocacy and Social Action for the Oppressed | |
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| Accountability | |
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| The Institutional Orientation | |
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| Respect for the Spiritual and Religious Beliefs of Others | |
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| Promoting Social and Economic Justice, and Safeguarding Human Rights | |
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| Social Work Education | |
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| Two-Year Associate Programs | |
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| Undergraduate and Graduate Education | |
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| Summary | |
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| Social Problems and Social Services | |
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| Poverty and Public Welfare | |
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| The Problem | |
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| A Brief History of Our Response to the Poor | |
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| The Rich and the Poor | |
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| Defining Poverty Is a Policy Problem | |
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| Who Are the Poor? | |
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| Causes of Poverty | |
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| The Culture of Poverty | |
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| Functions of Poverty | |
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| Social Insurance Programs | |
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| Old Age, Survivors, Disability, and Health Insurance (OASDHI) | |
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| Medicare | |
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| Unemployment Insurance | |
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| Workers' Compensation Insurance | |
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| Public Assistance Programs | |
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| Supplemental Security Income (SSI) | |
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| General Assistance | |
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| Medicaid | |
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| Food Stamps | |
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| Housing Assistance | |
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| Temporary Assistance to Needy Families | |
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| Proposed Welfare Alternative Program: Family Allowance Program | |
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| Social Work and Public Welfare | |
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| Working with Discouraged People | |
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| President Obama's Proposals to Combat Poverty | |
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| Summary | |
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| Emotional/Behavioral Problems and Counseling | |
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| A Perspective on Emotional and Behavioral Problems | |
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| Nature and Extent of Emotional and Behavioral Problems | |
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| What Is Mental Illness? | |
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| Medical Model | |
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| Interactional Model | |
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| Labeling as the Cause of Chronic ""Mental Illness"" | |
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| Other Issues | |
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| The Homeless | |
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| Civil Rights | |
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| Plea of Innocent by Reason of Insanity | |
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| Use of Psychotropic Drugs | |
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| Managed Mental Health Care | |
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| Social Structure and Mental Illness | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Brief History | |
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| Current Trends | |
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| Treatment Facilities: Community Mental Health Centers | |
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| Social Work and Mental Health | |
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| Counseling | |
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| How to Counsel | |
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| Comprehensive and Specialized Counseling Approaches | |
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| Changing Unwanted Emotions | |
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| Meaningful Activity | |
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| Changing Self-Talk | |
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| Changing the Distressing Event | |
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| Destructive Ways of Dealing with Unwanted Emotions | |
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| Summary | |
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| Family Problems and Services to Families | |
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| Diverse Family Forms | |
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| The American Family: Past and Present | |
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| The Family in Preindustrial Society | |
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| The Family in Industrial Society | |
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| Problems in the Family | |
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| Divorce | |
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| Empty-Shell Marriages | |
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| Violence in Families | |
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| Sexual Abuse of Children | |
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| Births Outside of Marriage | |
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| Rape | |
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| Summary | |
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| Sexual Orientation and Services to GLBT Individuals | |
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| Sex in History and in Other Cultures | |
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| Formal Study of Sex | |
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| Sigmund Freud | |
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| Alfred Kinsey | |
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| William Masters and Virginia Johnson | |
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| Variances Rather Than Sexual Problems | |
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| Sexual Orientation | |
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| Some Definitions | |
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| Myths and Facts about Gays and Lesbians | |
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| Incidence of Homosexuality | |
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| Causes of Sexual Orientation | |
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| Life Experiences of Gays and Lesbians | |
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| Current Issues for Gays and Lesbians | |
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| A Brief Introduction to Transgenderism | |
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| Social Work with GLBT Individuals | |
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| Summary | |
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| Drug Abuse and Drug Treatment Programs | |
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| Drugs and Drug Abuse | |
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| A Brief History of Our Drug-Taking Society | |
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| Sociological Theories of Drug Abuse | |
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| Anomie Theory | |
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| Labeling Theory | |
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| Differential Association | |
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| Drug Subcultures | |
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| Facts about and Effects of Commonly Used Drugs | |
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| Depressants | |
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| Stimulants | |
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| Hallucinogens | |
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| Tobacco | |
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| Marijuana | |
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| Anabolic Steroids | |
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| Rehabilitation Programs | |
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| Alcohol Treatment Programs | |
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| Other Drug Treatment Programs | |
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| Understanding and Treating Codependency | |
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| Suggestions for Curbing Drug Abuse in the Future | |
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| Educational Programs | |
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| Prevention of Illegal Drug Trafficking across Borders | |
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| Employee Drug-Testing Programs | |
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| Stricter Laws and Enforcement | |
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| Decriminalization of Drug Use | |
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| Summary | |
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| Crime, Juvenile Delinquency, and Correctional Services | |
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| Nature and Extent of Crime | |
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| What Is Crime? | |
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| How Extensive Is Crime? | |
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| Who Is Arrested? | |
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| How Accurate Are Official Crime Statistics? | |
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| Crime Causation Theories | |
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| Early Theories | |
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| Physical and Mental Trait Theories | |
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| Psychological Theories | |
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| Sociological Theories | |
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| Usefulness of Theories | |
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| Types of Crime | |
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| Organized Crime | |
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| White-Collar Crime | |
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| Computer Crime | |
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| Hate Crime | |
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| Public-Order Crimes | |
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| Sex Offenses | |
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| Human Trafficking | |
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| Homicide and Assault | |
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| Theft | |
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| Juvenile Delinquency | |
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| The Criminal Justice System | |
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| The Police | |
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| The Courts | |
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| Correctional Systems | |
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| How to Reduce Crime and Delinquency | |
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| Increasing or Decreasing Sentences | |
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| Reforming the Correctional System | |
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| Preventing Crime | |
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| Social Work and the Criminal Justice System | |
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| Role of Social Work | |
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| Factors Influencing Treatment | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems in Education and School Social Work | |
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| Problematic Areas in Education | |
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| The Question of Quality | |
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| Equal Access to Quality Education | |
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| Confusion about the Goals of Education | |
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| Intolerable Working Conditions for Some Teachers | |
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| Strategies to Improve Education | |
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| Increase Incentives for Teachers | |
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| Improve the Curriculum | |
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| Allow Parental Choice of Schools | |
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| Expand Preschool Programs | |
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| Toward Equal Educational Opportunity | |
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| Reform of School Financing | |
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| Compensatory Education | |
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| Effective Integration | |
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| President Obama's Proposals to Improve Education | |
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| School Social Workers: A Response to Crisis | |
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| The Nature of Behavior | |
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| Traditional School Social Work Roles | |
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| Newer School Social Work Roles | |
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| Summary | |
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| Work-Related Problems and Social Work in the Workplace | |
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| A Brief History of Work | |
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| Trends in the American Workforce | |
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| Increase in White-Collar Workers | |
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| Emergence of an Employee Society | |
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| Specialization | |
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| Increase in Women in the Workforce | |
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| Emphasis on Intrinsic Rewards | |
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| Emphasis on High Technology | |
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| The Growth of Low-Paying Jobs | |
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| Outsourcing in a Global Factory | |
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| Problems in the Work Setting | |
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| Alienation | |
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| Unemployment | |
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| Occupational Health Hazards | |
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| Social Work in the Workplace | |
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| A Brief History | |
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| The Status of Social Work in the Workplace | |
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| Employee Assistance Programs | |
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| Summary | |
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| Racism, Ethnocentrism, and Strategies for Advancing Social and Economic Justice | |
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| Ethnic Groups and Ethnocentrism | |
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| Race and Racism | |
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| Prejudice, Discrimination, and Oppression | |
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| Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes | |
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| Racial and Ethnic Discrimination | |
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| Race as a Social Concept | |
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| Institutional Racism and Institutional Discrimination | |
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| Immigration Status | |
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| White Privilege | |
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| Causes of Racial Discrimination and Oppression | |
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| The Effects and Costs of Discrimination and Oppression | |
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| Stereotyping and Multiculturalism: A Perspective | |
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| Background of Racial Groups | |
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| African Americans | |
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| Latinos | |
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| Native Americans | |
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| Asian Americans | |
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| Strategies for Advancing Social and Economic Justice | |
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| Mass Media Appeals | |
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| Greater Interaction among the Races | |
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| Civil Rights Laws | |
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| Activism | |
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| School Busing | |
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| Affirmative Action Programs | |
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| Confrontation of Racist and Ethnic Remarks and Actions | |
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| Minority-Owned Businesses | |
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| Grassroots Approaches to Improving Deteriorating Neighborhoods | |
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| Ethnic-Sensitive Social Work Practice | |
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| Empowerment | |
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| Strengths Perspective | |
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| Culturally Competent Practice | |
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| The Future of American Race and Ethnic Relations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Sexism and Efforts for Achieving Equality | |
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| History of Sex Roles and Sexism | |
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| Sexual Harassment | |
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| Traditional Sex-Role Expectations | |
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| Is There a Biological Basis for Sexism? | |
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| Sex-Role Socialization | |
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| Consequences of Sexism | |
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| Effects on Occupation and Income | |
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| Effects on Human Interactions | |
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| Maternal Wall | |
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| Recent Developments and a Look to the Future | |
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| President Obama's Proposals to Advance the Status of Women | |
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| Sexism and Social Work | |
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| Social Work's Response to Women's Issues | |
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| The Feminist Perspective on Therapy | |
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| Future Directions of the Women's Movement | |
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| Summary | |
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| Aging and Gerontological Services | |
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| An Overview | |
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| A ""Recently Discovered"" Minority Group | |
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| A New View of Aging | |
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| Definitions of Later Adulthood | |
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| An Increasing Older Adult Population | |
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| The ""Old Old"" - The Fastest-Growing Age Group | |
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| Problems Faced by Older Adults | |
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| Low Status | |
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| Early Retirement | |
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| Societal Emphasis on Youth | |
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| Health Problems and Costs of Health Care | |
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| Financial Problems | |
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| Loss of Family and Friends | |
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| Substandard Housing | |
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| Transportation | |
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| Crime Victimization | |
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| Sexuality in Later Adulthood | |
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| Malnutrition | |
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| Depression and Other Emotional Problems | |
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| Death | |
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| Parent Abuse | |
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| Current Services | |
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| Older Americans Act of 1965 | |
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| Nursing Homes | |
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| Social Work and Older Adults | |
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| The Emergence of Older Adults as a Powerful Political Force | |
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| Development of Social Roles for Older Adults | |
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| Preparation for Later Adulthood | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health Problems and Medical Social Services | |
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| Physical Illnesses and the Health Care System | |
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| Problems in Health Care | |
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| Service Orientation versus Profit Orientation | |
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| Emphasis on Treatment Rather Than on Prevention | |
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| Unequal Access to Health Services | |
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| Low-Quality Health Care for Older Adults | |
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| AIDS | |
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| Controversy over the Use of Life-Sustaining Equipment | |
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| The High Cost of Medical Care | |
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| Financing Medical Care | |
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| Medicaid | |
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| State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) | |
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| Medicare | |
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| Private Insurance | |
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| Improving the Current System | |
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| Holding Down Costs | |
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| Preventive Medicine and Managed Care | |
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| Additional Health Care Proposals | |
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| Establishing a National Health Insurance Program in the United States | |
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| President Obama's Proposals to Improve Health Care | |
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| Medical Social Work | |
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| Counseling the Terminally Ill | |
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| Summary | |
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| Physical and Mental Disabilities and Rehabilitation | |
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| History of Rehabilitation Practices | |
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| Developmental Disabilities | |
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| Autism | |
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| Cognitive Disability | |
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| Society's Reactions to Disabilities | |
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| Current Services | |
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| Rehabilitation Centers | |
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| Educational Programs | |
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| Residential Programs | |
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| Day-Care Centers | |
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| Hospital Services | |
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| Home Services | |
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| Federal and State Assistance Programs | |
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| Roles of Social Workers | |
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| Counseling Clients | |
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| Counseling Families | |
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| Taking Social Histories | |
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| Serving as Case Manager | |
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| Serving as Liaison between the Family and the Agency | |
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| Being a Broker | |
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| Doing Discharge Planning | |
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| Empowering Consumers of Services | |
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| Summary | |
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| Overpopulation, Misuse of the Environment, and Family Planning | |
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| The Population Crisis | |
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| Doubling Time and Population Growth | |
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| Doubling Time and Developing Countries | |
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| An Optimal Population Size | |
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| Problems of Overpopulation | |
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| The Theory of Demographic Transition | |
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| Problem Attitudes and Values | |
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| Two Countries with Severe Population Problems | |
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| Environmental Problems | |
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| Despoilment of the Land | |
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| Waste Disposal | |
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| Global Warming | |
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| Air Pollution | |
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| Radioactive Leaks from Nuclear Power Plants | |
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| Nuclear War | |
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| Water Pollution | |
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| Acid Rain | |
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| General Pollutants | |
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| What Needs to Be Done | |
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| Confronting Overpopulation | |
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| The Abortion Controversy | |
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| Providing Family Planning Services | |
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| Confronting Environmental Problems | |
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| Social Work and Family Planning | |
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| Summary | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |