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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What is Philosophy? | |
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| A Definition of Philosophy | |
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| What Is Rationality? | |
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| Does Philosophy Bake Bread? | |
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| Bertrand Russell: On the Value of Philosophy | |
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| Who Are the Philosophers? | |
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| Christopher Phillips: Socrates CafT | |
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| Reading Philosophy | |
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| Value Theory (Axiology) | |
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| Ethics, Social, and Political Philosophy | |
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| How Should One Live? Introduction | |
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| The Buddha and the Middle Way | |
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| The Buddha: The Four Noble Truths | |
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| Walpola Rahula: The Fourth Noble Truth | |
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| Confucius and the Life of Virtue | |
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| D.C. Lau: Confucius and Moral Character | |
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| Socrates on Living the Examined Life | |
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| Plato: The Apology | |
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| Aristotle on Happiness and the Life of Moderation | |
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| Aristotle: Nichomachean Ethics | |
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| The Song of God Bhagavad-Gita | |
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| The Virtue of Selfishness | |
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| Ayn Rand: The Ethics of Emergencies | |
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| How Can I Know What is Right? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Kant and the Categorical Imperative | |
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| Immanuel Kant: Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals | |
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| Utilitarianism | |
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| John Stuart Mill: What Utilitarianism Is | |
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| Revaluation of Values | |
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| Friedrich Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil | |
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| Friedrich Nietzsche: On the Genealogy of Morality | |
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| The Ethic of Cares | |
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| Nel Noddings: Caring | |
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| Moral Relativism | |
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| David Wong: Relativism | |
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| What Makes a Society Just? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| God and Justice | |
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| Khaled Abou El Fadl: Islam and Democracy | |
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| Capitalism and Exploitation | |
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| Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Manifesto of the Communist Party | |
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| The Original Position | |
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| John Rawls: A Theory of Justice | |
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| Our Obligation to the State | |
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| Plato: Crito | |
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| Civil Disobedience | |
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| Letter from Birmingham Jail | |
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| God is Red | |
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| Sacred Places and Moral Responsibility | |
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| Is Justice for all Possible? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sexism, Racism, and Homophobia | |
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| Bell hooks: Ain't I a Woman | |
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| Cornel West: Race Matters | |
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| Homophobia as a Weapon of Sexism | |
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| Globalization and Justice | |
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| One World: The Ethics of Globalization | |
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| Terrorism and Morality | |
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| Bat-Ami Bar On: Why Terrorism Is Morally Problematic | |
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| Philosophy in A Time of Terror | |
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| Dialgoues with Jnrgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida | |
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| Fundamentalism and Terror | |
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| Autoimmunity: Real and Symbolic Suicides | |
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| Global Warming | |
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| Apollo's Fire | |
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| Animal Rights | |
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| The Case for Animal Rights | |
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| Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art | |
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| What is Aesthetic Value? Introduction | |
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| Art As Experience | |
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| Having an Experience | |
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| Women and Art | |
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| Gendered Concepts | |
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| Zen Culture | |
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| The Tea Ceremony | |
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| The End of Art and the Citizen Artist | |
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| After the End of Art | |
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| The Artist as Citizen | |
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| Epistemology | |
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| Is Knowledge Possible? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sufi Mysticism | |
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| Deliverance from Error | |
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| Is Certainty Possible? RenT Descartes: Meditations I and II | |
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| Empiricism and Limited Skepticism | |
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| An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding | |
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| Should We Believe Beyond the Evidence? | |
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| The Ethics of Belief | |
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| The Will to Believe | |
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| Classical Indian Epistemology | |
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| Knowledge and Reality | |
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| Feminist Epistemology | |
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| Knowledge and Subjectivity | |
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| Does Science Tell Us the Whole Truth and Nothing But the Truth? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| How Do We Come to Belief? | |
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| The Fixation of Beliefs | |
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| The Growth of Scientific Knowledge | |
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| Conjectures and Refutations | |
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| Scientific Revolutions | |
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| The Structure of Scientific Revolutions | |
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| Science and Traditional Thought | |
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| Old Gods, New Worlds | |
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| The Will to Truth | |
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| The Discourse on Language | |
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| Truth and Power | |
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| Metaphysics | |
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| What is Really Real? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Dao | |
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| Dao De Jing | |
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| Platonic Dualism | |
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| The Republic | |
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| Nondualism | |
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| The Crest-Jewel of Discrimination | |
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| Subjective Idealism | |
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| The Principles of Human Knowledge | |
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| Pre-Columbian Cosmologies | |
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| Pre-Columbian Philosophica | |
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