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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Criminal Investigation: An Overview | |
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| Criminal Investigation Definitions | |
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| Goals of Criminal Investigations | |
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| Basic Functions | |
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| Characteristics of an Effective Investigator | |
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| An Overview of the Investigative Process | |
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| The Preliminary Investigation: Basic Considerations | |
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| Crime Scene Investigators | |
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| The Follow-Up Investigation | |
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| Computer-Aided Investigation | |
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| Problem-Oriented Policing | |
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| Investigative Productivity | |
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| The Investigative Function: The Responsibility of All Police Personnel | |
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| Interrelationships with Others-Community Policing | |
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| Major-Case Task Forces | |
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| Federal Law Enforcement Resources | |
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| Avoiding Civil Liability | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Basic Investigative Responsibilities | |
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| Documenting the Crime Scene: Note Taking, Photographing, and Sketching | |
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| Field Notes: The Basics | |
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| Characteristics of Effective Notes | |
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| Filing Notes | |
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| Investigative Photography: An Overview | |
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| Basic Photographic Equipment | |
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| Training in and Using Investigative Photography | |
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| Types of Investigative Photography | |
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| Identifying, Filing, and Maintaining Security of Evidence | |
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| Admissibility of Photographs in Court | |
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| Crime Scene Sketches: An Overview | |
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| The Rough Sketch | |
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| Steps in Sketching the Crime Scene | |
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| File the Sketch | |
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| The Finished Scale Drawing | |
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| Computer-Assisted Drawing | |
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| Admissibility of Sketches and Drawings in Court | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklists | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Writing Effective Reports | |
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| The Importance of Reports | |
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| Uses of Reports | |
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| The Audience | |
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| Common Problems with Many Police Reports | |
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| The Well-Written Report: From Start to Finish | |
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| Taping and Dictating Reports | |
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| Computerized Report Writing | |
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| Evaluating Your Report | |
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| Citizen Online Report Writing | |
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| The Final Report | |
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| A Final Note on the Importance of Well-Written Reports | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Searches | |
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| Legal Searches and the Fourth Amendment | |
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| The Exclusionary Rule | |
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| The Crime Scene Search | |
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| Search Patterns | |
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| Other Types of Investigatory Searches | |
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| Use of Dogs in a Search | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Forensics/Physical Evidence | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Investigative Equipment | |
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| Crime Scene Integrity and Contamination of Evidence | |
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| Processing Evidence: From Discovery to Disposal | |
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| Frequently Examined Evidence | |
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| Evidence Handling and Infectious Disease | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Obtaining Information | |
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| Sources of Information | |
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| Interviewing and Interrogating | |
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| The Interview | |
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| The Interrogation | |
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| Questioning Children and Juveniles | |
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| Evaluating and Corroborating Information | |
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| Scientific Aids to Obtaining and Evaluating Information | |
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| Use of Psychics and Profilers | |
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| Sharing Information | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Identifying and Arresting Suspects | |
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| Identifying Suspects at the Scene | |
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| Locating Suspects | |
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| Identifying Suspects | |
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| Surveillance, Undercover Assignments, and Raids: The Last Resort | |
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| Surveillance | |
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| Undercover Assignments | |
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| Raids | |
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| Legal Arrests | |
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| Avoiding Civil Liability When Making Arrests | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklists | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Investigating Violent Crimes | |
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| Death Investigations | |
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| Classification of Deaths | |
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| Elements of the Crime | |
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| Challenges in Investigation | |
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| Equivocal Death | |
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| Suicide | |
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| Preliminary Investigation of Homicide | |
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| Discovering and Identifying the Victim | |
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| Estimating the Time of Death | |
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| The Medical Examination | |
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| Unnatural Causes of Death and Method Used | |
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| The Homicide Victim | |
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| Witnesses | |
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| Suspects | |
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| Cold Cases | |
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| Death Notification | |
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| Strategies for Reducing Homicide | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Application | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Case Cited | |
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| Assault, Domestic Violence, Stalking, and Elder Abuse | |
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| Assault: An Overview | |
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| Classification | |
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| Elements of the Crime | |
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| Special Challenges in Investigation | |
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| The Preliminary Investigation | |
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| Investigating Domestic Violence | |
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| Investigating Stalking | |
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| Investigating Elder Abuse | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Application | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Sex Offenses | |
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| Investigating Obscene Telephone Calls | |
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| Investigating Human Trafficking | |
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| Classification of Sex Offenses | |
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| Rape/Sexual Assault | |
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| Sex Offenders | |
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| Challenges to Investigation | |
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| The Police Response | |
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| The Victim's Medical Examination | |
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| Interviewing the Victim | |
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| Interviewing Witnesses | |
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| Taking a Suspect into Custody and Interrogation | |
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| Coordination with Other Agencies | |
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| Prosecution of Rape and Statutory Charges | |
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| Civil Commitment of Sex Offenders after Sentences Served | |
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| Sex Offender Registry and Notification | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Application | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Crimes against Children and Youths | |
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| Classification | |
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| Other Terminology | |
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| The Extent of the Problem | |
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| The Effects of Child Abuse | |
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| Challenges to Investigation | |
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| The Initial Report | |
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| The Police Response | |
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| Interviewing Abuse Children | |
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| Sample Protocol | |
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| Evidence | |
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| The Suspect | |
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| The Pedophile | |
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| Child Pornography and Sexual Exploitation | |
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| Internet Sex Crimes against Children | |
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| Prostitution of Juveniles | |
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| Missing Children: Runaway or Abducted? | |
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| Mass Murders in Our Schools | |
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| Children as Witnesses in Court | |
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| Preventing Crimes against Children | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Application | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Robbery | |
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| Robbery: An Overview | |
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| Classification | |
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| Elements of the Crime: Robbery | |
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| Special Challenges in Investigation | |
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| The Preliminary Investigation | |
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| Proving the Elements of the Offense | |
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| The Complete Investigation | |
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| False Robbery Reports | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Application | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Investigating Crimes Against property | |
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| Burglary | |
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| Burglary versus Robbery | |
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| Classification | |
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| Elements of the Crime: Burglary | |
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| Establishing the Severity of the Burglary | |
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| Elements of the Crime: Possession of Burglary Tools | |
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| The Burglar | |
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| Responding to a Burglary Call | |
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| The Preliminary Investigation | |
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| Determining Entry into Structures | |
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| Determining Entry into Safes and Vaults | |
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| Obtaining Physical Evidence | |
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| Modus Operandi Factors | |
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| Effective Case Management | |
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| Recovering Stolen Property | |
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| The Offense of Receiving Stolen Goods | |
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| Preventing Burglary | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Application | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Larceny/Theft, Fraud, and White-Collar Crime | |
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| Larceny/Theft: An Overview | |
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| Elements of the Crime | |
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| Classification of Larceny/Theft | |
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| Found Property | |
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| The Preliminary Investigation | |
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| Types of Larceny/Theft | |
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| Proving the Elements of the Crime | |
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| Fraud | |
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| White-Collar Crime | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Application | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Motor Vehicle Theft | |
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| Motor Vehicle Identification | |
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| Classification of Motor Vehicle Theft | |
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| Elements of the Crime | |
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| Motor Vehicle Embezzlement | |
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| The Preliminary Investigation | |
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| Insurance Fraud | |
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| Cooperating Agencies in Motor Vehicle Theft | |
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| Recognizing a Stolen Motor Vehicle or an Unauthorized Driver | |
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| Recovering an Abandoned or Stolen Motor Vehicle | |
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| Combating Motor Vehicle Theft | |
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| Preventing Auto Theft | |
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| Thefts of Trucks, Construction Vehicles, Aircraft, and Other Motorized Vehicles | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Application | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Arson, Bombs, and Explosives | |
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| Classification of Fires | |
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| Elements of the Crime | |
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| Classification of Arson | |
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| The Model Arson Law | |
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| The Arsonist | |
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| Police and Fire Department Cooperation | |
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| Other Sources of Assistance in Investigating Arson | |
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| Special Challenges in Investigation | |
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| Responding to the Scene | |
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| The Preliminary Investigation | |
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| Search Warrants and Fire Investigations | |
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| Investigating Vehicle Arson | |
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| Prosecuting Arsonists | |
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| Preventing Arson | |
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| Investigating Bombings and Explosions | |
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| Responding to a Bomb Threat | |
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| Investigating Bomb Explosions | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Application | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Other Challenges to the Criminal Investigator | |
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| Computer Crime and Its Evolution into Cybercrime | |
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| The Scope and Cost of the Problem | |
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| Terminology and Definitions | |
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| Classification and Types of Computer Crimes | |
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| Special Challenges in Investigation | |
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| Search Warrents | |
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| Investigative Tools and Equipment | |
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| The Preliminary Investigation | |
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| Forensic Examination of Computer Evidence | |
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| Legal Considerations in Collecting and Analyzing Computer Evidence | |
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| Follow-Up Investigation | |
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| Legislation | |
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| Security of the Police Department's Computers | |
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| The Investigative Team | |
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| Resources Available | |
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| Preventing Computer Crime | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Application | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| A Dual Threat: Drug-Related Crime and Organized Crime | |
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| Seriousness and Extent of the Drug Problem | |
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| Legal Definitions and Problems | |
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| Identification and Classification of Controlled Drugs | |
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| Investigating Illegal Possession or Use of Controlled Substances | |
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| Investigating Illegal Sale and Distribution of Controlled Substances | |
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| Clandestine Drug Laboratories | |
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| Indoor Marijuana Growing Operations | |
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| Investigative Aids | |
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| Agency Cooperation | |
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| Drug Asset Forfeitures | |
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| Preventing Problems with Illegal Drugs: Community Partnerships | |
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| Organized Crime: An Overview | |
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| Applicable Laws against Organized Crime | |
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| Major Activities of Organized Crime | |
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| The Threat of Specific Organized Crime Groups | |
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| Organized Crime and Corruption | |
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| The Police Response | |
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| Agencies Cooperating in Investigating Organized Crime | |
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| Methods to Combat Organized Crime | |
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| The Decline of Organized Crime? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklists | |
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| Application | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Case Cited | |
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| Criminal Activities of Gangs and Other Dangerous Groups | |
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| The Threat of Gangs: An Overview | |
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| Gangs Defined | |
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| Extent of Gangs | |
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| Why People Join Gangs | |
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| Types of Gangs | |
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| Gangs, Organized Crime, and Terrorism | |
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| Gang Culture, Membership, and Organization | |
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| Gang Activities | |
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| Recognizing a Gang Problem | |
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| Identifying Gang Members | |
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| Investigating Illegal Gang Activity | |
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| Approaches to the Gang Problem | |
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| Collaborative Efforts | |
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| Prosecuting Gang-Related Crimes | |
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| Federal Efforts to Combat the Gang Problem | |
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| Bias/Hate Crime: An Overview | |
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| Motivation for Hate Crime | |
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| Hate Groups | |
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| The Police Response | |
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| Efforts to Combat Bias/Hate Crimes | |
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| Ritualistic Crime: An Overview | |
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| Terminology and Symbols of Cults | |
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| The Nature of Ritualistic Crimes | |
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| Who Commits Ritualistic Crime? | |
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| Investigating Ritualistic Crimes | |
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| Special Challenges in Ritualistic Crime Investigations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Application | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Case Cited | |
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| Terrorism and Homeland Security | |
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| Terrorism: An Overview | |
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| Classification of Terrorist Acts | |
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| Terrorist Groups in the United States | |
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| Environmental Extremists | |
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| Terrorists as Criminals | |
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| Methods Used by Terrorists | |
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| Finding Terrorism | |
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| The Federal Response to Terrorism | |
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| Hometown Security and Homeland Security | |
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| Investigating Possible Terrorist Activities | |
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| Information Gathering and Intelligence Sharing | |
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| Crucial Collaborations and Partnerships | |
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| Initiatives to Assist in the Fight against Terrorism | |
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| The Role of the Media in the War on Terrorism | |
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| Concerns Related to the War on Terrorism | |
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| Community Policing and Homeland Security | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Application | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Useful Resources | |
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| Preparing for and Presenting Cases in Court | |
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| The Final Report | |
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| The Role of the Prosecutor | |
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| Preparing a Case for Prosecution | |
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| The Trial | |
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| The American Adversary System | |
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| Sequence of a Criminal Trial | |
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| While Waiting to Testify | |
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| Testifying under Direct Examination | |
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| Strategies for Excelling as a Witness | |
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| Testifying under Cross-Examination | |
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| Concluding Your Testimony | |
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| Advice on Testifying from a Seasoned, "Officer of the Year" Investigator | |
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| Summary | |
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| Checklist | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Media Explorations | |
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| References | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Appendixes | |
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| Sudden In-Custody Death: An Investigator's Checklist | |
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| Death Scene Checklist | |
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| Bias Offense Report | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Credits | |
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| Author Index | |
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| Subject Index | |