| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy: An Initial Definition | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy Use and the Environment | |
| |
| |
Our Earth-Then and Now | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy Use Patterns | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy Resources | |
| |
| |
Energy Use in China | |
| |
| |
| |
Exponential Growth and Resource Depletion | |
| |
| |
| |
Oil: A Critical Resource | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy Conservation | |
| |
| |
| |
Economic and Environmental Considerations | |
| |
| |
The Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change | |
| |
| |
| |
Future Scenarios | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy Mechanics | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Forms of Energy and Energy Conversions | |
| |
| |
| |
Motion | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy and Work | |
| |
| |
Energy Losses in a Car | |
| |
| |
| |
Examples of Work and Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
Power | |
| |
| |
Energy Use in India | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Special Topic: Newton's Laws of Motion | |
| |
| |
| |
Conservation of Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Law of Conservation of Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy Conversion Examples | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy Conversion Efficiencies | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy Use in Developing Countries | |
| |
| |
Sustainable Development | |
| |
| |
| |
A Barrel, A Calorie, A Btu? Energy Equivalencies | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Heat and Work | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Heat and Work and the First Law of Thermodynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
Temperature and Heat | |
| |
| |
| |
Heat Transfer Principles | |
| |
| |
| |
Heat Engines | |
| |
| |
| |
The Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Home Energy Conservation and Heat-Transfer Control | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Building Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
House Insulation and Heating Calculations | |
| |
| |
| |
Site Selection | |
| |
| |
| |
Impact of Energy Conservation Measures | |
| |
| |
| |
Cooling | |
| |
| |
| |
Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Solar Energy: Characteristics and Heating | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Characteristics of Incident Solar Radiation | |
| |
| |
| |
History of Solar Heating | |
| |
| |
Early Twentieth-Century Egyptian Solar Power Plant | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview of Solar Heating Today | |
| |
| |
| |
Solar Domestic Hot Water | |
| |
| |
| |
Passive Solar Space Heating Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Active Solar Space Heating Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermal Energy Storage | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy from Fossil Fuels | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Resource Terminology | |
| |
| |
| |
Oil | |
| |
| |
Pipeline Politics in the Former Soviet | |
| |
| |
Union | |
| |
| |
Oil Spills | |
| |
| |
Oil from Alaska: Past, Present, and Future Dilemmas | |
| |
| |
| |
Natural Gas | |
| |
| |
| |
Coal: An Expanding Role | |
| |
| |
| |
Future Sources of Oil | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Special Topic: Physics of Oil and Gas Exploration | |
| |
| |
| |
Air Pollution and Energy Use | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Eastern Europe and the Environment | |
| |
| |
| |
Properties and Motion of the Atmosphere | |
| |
| |
| |
Air Pollutants and Their Sources | |
| |
| |
Air Pollution and the Third World | |
| |
| |
| |
Air Quality Standards | |
| |
| |
1990 Clean Air Act Amendments | |
| |
| |
| |
Automobile Emission Control Devices | |
| |
| |
Mass Transit | |
| |
| |
| |
Stationary Source Air Pollution Control Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Global Warming, Ozone Depletion, and Waste Heat | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect | |
| |
| |
Africa and Global Warming | |
| |
| |
| |
Ozone Depletion | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermal Pollution | |
| |
| |
| |
Ecological Effects of Thermal Pollution | |
| |
| |
| |
Cooling Towers and Ponds | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Waste Heat | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Electricity: Circuits and Superconductors | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction to "Electrification" | |
| |
| |
| |
Restructuring of the Electric Utility Industry | |
| |
| |
Managing Energy Demand | |
| |
| |
| |
Electrical Charges and Currents | |
| |
| |
| |
Batteries and Electric Vehicles | |
| |
| |
Common Batteries | |
| |
| |
| |
Ohm's Law | |
| |
| |
| |
Superconductivity | |
| |
| |
| |
Elementary Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Electrical Power | |
| |
| |
| |
Pricing Electrical Energy Use | |
| |
| |
Edison Mazda Lamps, Circa 1925 | |
| |
| |
| |
Fuel Cells | |
| |
| |
Hydrogen Economy | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Special Topic: Electrostatics | |
| |
| |
| |
Electromagnetism and the Generation of Electricity | |
| |
| |
| |
Magnetism | |
| |
| |
| |
The Generation of Electricity | |
| |
| |
| |
Transmission of Electrical Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
Standard Steam-Electric Generating Plant Cycle | |
| |
| |
| |
Cogeneration | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Electricity from Solar Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Solar Cell Principles | |
| |
| |
PV Car: The Sunraycer | |
| |
| |
| |
Cell Manufacture | |
| |
| |
| |
Photovoltaic Systems and Economics | |
| |
| |
PV Cottages | |
| |
| |
Pumping Water | |
| |
| |
| |
Wind Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
Hydropower | |
| |
| |
| |
Solar Thermal Electric Facilities | |
| |
| |
Small-Scale Hydroelectric Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
The Building Blocks of Matter: The Atom and Its Nucleus | |
| |
| |
| |
The Atomic Hypothesis | |
| |
| |
| |
Building Blocks of the Atom | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy Levels | |
| |
| |
| |
Nuclear Structure | |
| |
| |
| |
Radioactivity | |
| |
| |
| |
Nuclear Glue, or Binding Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
The Joy of Atom-Smashing, or Nuclear Reactions | |
| |
| |
Indoor Radon | |
| |
| |
| |
Fission | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Special Topic: The Periodic Table | |
| |
| |
| |
Nuclear Power: Fission | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Chain Reactions | |
| |
| |
| |
Assembling a Nuclear Reactor | |
| |
| |
| |
Types of Light Water Reactors | |
| |
| |
| |
The Nuclear Fuel Cycle | |
| |
| |
Japan and Plutonium | |
| |
| |
| |
Radioactive Wastes | |
| |
| |
Monuments for the Future | |
| |
| |
| |
Decommissioning | |
| |
| |
| |
Radioactive Releases | |
| |
| |
| |
Probabilistic Risk Assessment and Nuclear Safety | |
| |
| |
| |
Alternate Reactor Designs | |
| |
| |
| |
Nuclear Proliferation | |
| |
| |
Post Cold-War Proliferation | |
| |
| |
| |
Environmental and Economic Summary of Nuclear Power | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Effects and Uses of Radiation | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Radiation Dose | |
| |
| |
| |
Biological Effects of Radiation | |
| |
| |
| |
Background Radiation, Including Radon | |
| |
| |
| |
Radiation Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
Medical and Industrial Uses of Radiation | |
| |
| |
Food Irradiation | |
| |
| |
| |
Radiation Protection | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Special Topic: Radiation Detection Instruments | |
| |
| |
| |
Future Energy Alternatives: Fusion | |
| |
| |
| |
Potential for Fusion Power | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy from the Stars: The Fusion Process | |
| |
| |
| |
Conditions for Fusion | |
| |
| |
| |
Magnetic Confinement Fusion Reactors | |
| |
| |
| |
Laser-Induced Fusion | |
| |
| |
| |
Cold Fusion | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary and Outlook for Fusion | |
| |
| |
| |
Biomass: From Plants to Garbage | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Biomass Conversion | |
| |
| |
Brazil's Ethanol Program | |
| |
| |
| |
Food, Fuel, Famine | |
| |
| |
| |
Municipal Solid Waste | |
| |
| |
| |
Wood Combustion | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Tapping the Earth's Heat: Geothermal Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Origin and Nature of Geothermal Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
Hydrothermal Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Geothermal Exploration and Resources | |
| |
| |
| |
Low-Temperature Geothermal Resources | |
| |
| |
| |
Environmental Impacts | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
A National and Personal Commitment | |
| |
| |
| |
Units of Measurement and Powers of Ten Notation | |
| |
| |
| |
Conversions and Equivalencies | |
| |
| |
| |
Home Heating Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
Insolation and Temperature Data for Selected U.S. Cities | |
| |
| |
| |
World Energy Consumption, 2003 | |
| |
| |
| |
U.S. Consumption of Energy by Source, 1949-2003 | |
| |
| |
| |
U.S. Energy Intensity, 1970-2003 | |
| |
| |
Glossary | |
| |
| |
Index | |