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Preface | |
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Ecology of the Child | |
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Prologue | |
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Ecology, Change, and Children | |
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Socialization and Child Development | |
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Socialization as a Unique Human Process | |
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Socialization as a Reciprocal Dynamic Process | |
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Intentional and Unintentional Socialization | |
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Socialization, Change, and Challenge | |
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Change and the Concept of Childhood | |
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Socialization and Adaptation | |
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Theories Relating to Socialization | |
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Examining Socialization in an Ecological Context | |
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Microsystems | |
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Mesosystems | |
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Exosystems | |
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Macrosystems | |
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Interaction of Ecological Systems Over Time: The Chronosystem | |
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Impact of Significant Historical Events | |
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Impact of Ongoing Events | |
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Contemporary Ecology | |
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Epilogue | |
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Summary | |
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Activity | |
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Related Readings | |
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Ecology of Socialization | |
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Prologue | |
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Socialization Processes | |
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Aims of Socialization | |
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Develop a Self-Concept | |
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Enable Self-Regulation | |
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Empower Achievement | |
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Teach Appropriate Social Roles | |
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Implement Developmental Skills | |
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Agents of Socialization | |
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Family | |
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School and Child Care | |
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Peers | |
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Mass Media | |
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Community | |
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Methods of Socialization | |
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Affective Methods (Effect Emerges from Feeling) | |
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Operant Methods (Effect Emerges from Acting) | |
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Observational Methods (Effect Emerges from Imitating) | |
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Cognitive Methods (Effect Emerges from Information Processing) | |
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Sociocultural Methods (Effect Emerges from Conforming) | |
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Apprenticeship Methods (Effect Emerges from Guided Participation) | |
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Outcomes of Socialization | |
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Values | |
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Attitudes | |
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Motives and Attributions | |
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Self-Esteem | |
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Self-Regulation/Behavior | |
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Morals | |
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Gender Roles | |
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Epilogue | |
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Summary | |
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Activity | |
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Related Readings | |
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Ecology of the Family | |
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Prologue | |
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Family Systems | |
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Basic Family Structures | |
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Basic Family Functions | |
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Family Transitions | |
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Structural Family Changes | |
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Functional Family Changes | |
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Macrosystem Influences on Families, Socialization, and Children | |
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Socioeconomic Status | |
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Ethnic Orientation | |
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Religious Orientation | |
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Chronosystem Influences on Families, Socialization, and Children | |
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Sociopolitical Changes | |
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Economic Changes | |
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Technological Changes | |
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Meeting the Challenge of Change: Family Empowerment | |
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Epilogue | |
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Summary | |
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Activity | |
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Related Readings | |
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Ecology of Parenting | |
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Prologue | |
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Parenting | |
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Macrosystem Influences on Parenting | |
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Political Ideology | |
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Culture | |
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Socioeconomic Status | |
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Ethnicity/Religion | |
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Chronosystem Influences on Parenting | |
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Historical Trends | |
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Family Dynamics | |
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Parenting Styles | |
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Microsystem Influences: Between Parent and Child | |
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Mesosystem Influences: Between Parent and Others | |
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Appropriate Parenting Practices | |
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Developmental Appropriateness | |
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Guidance and Discipline | |
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Inappropriate Parenting Practices | |
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Child Maltreatment: Abuse and Neglect | |
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Correlates and Consequences of Child Maltreatment | |
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Epilogue | |
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Summary | |
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Activity | |
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Related Readings | |
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Ecology of Child Care | |
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Prologue | |
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Child Care | |
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Components of Optimal Quality Care | |
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Macrosystem Influences on Child Care | |
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Chronosystem Influences on Child Care: Correlates and Consequences | |
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Child Care and Psychological Development | |
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Child Care and Social Development | |
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Child Care and Cognitive Development | |
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Mesosystem Influences on Child Care | |
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School and Community Involvement in Child Care | |
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Government and Business Involvement in Child Care | |
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Child Care and Socialization | |
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Socialization Effects of Different Preschool Programs | |
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Socialization Effects of Child-Care Ideologies | |
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Developmentally Appropriate Caregiving | |
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Collaborative Caregiving | |
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Caregivers and Child Protection | |
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Epilogue | |
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Summary | |
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Activity | |
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Related Readings | |
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Ecology of the School | |
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Prologue | |
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The School's Function as a Socializing Agent | |
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Macrosystem Influences on Schools | |
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Educational Decisions | |
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School Choice | |
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Diversity and Equity | |
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Chronosystem Influences on Schools | |
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Adaptations to Societal Change | |
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Technology | |
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Violence | |
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Substance Use/Abuse | |
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Mesosystem Influences on Schools | |
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School-Child Linkages | |
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School-Family Linkages | |
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School-Peer Group Linkages | |
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School-Media Linkages | |
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School-Community Linkages | |
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Epilogue | |
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Summary | |
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Activity | |
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Related Readings | |
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Ecology of Teaching | |
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Prologue | |
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The Teacher's Role as a Socializing Agent | |
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Teacher Characteristics and Student Learning | |
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Teachers as Leaders | |
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Teachers as Managers | |
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Teachers' Expectations | |
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Student Characteristics and Teacher Interaction | |
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Gender | |
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Ethnicity | |
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Socioeconomic Status | |
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Learning Styles | |
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Disability | |
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Risk and Resilience | |
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Macrosystem Influences on Teaching | |
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Philosophies of Teaching and Learning | |
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Socialization Outcomes of Different Classroom Contexts | |
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Accountability and Standardization | |
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Mesosystem Influences on Teaching | |
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Family Involvement in Learning | |
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Developmentally Appropriate Learning and Assessment | |
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Epilogue | |
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Summary | |
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Activity | |
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Related Readings | |
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Ecology of the Peer Group | |
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Prologue | |
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The Peer Group as a Socializing Agent | |
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The Significance of Peers to Development | |
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Psychological Development: Emotions | |
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Social Development: Social Competence | |
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Cognitive Development: Social Cognition | |
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Peer Group Socializing Mechanisms | |
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Macrosystem Influences on the Peer Group: Developmental Tasks | |
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Getting Along With Others | |
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Developing Morals and Values | |
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Learning Appropriate Sociocultural Roles | |
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Achieving Personal Independence and Identity | |
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Chronosystem Influences on the Peer Group: Play/Activities | |
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The Significance and Development of Play | |
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Infant/Toddler Peer Activities | |
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Early Childhood Peer Activities | |
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Middle Childhood/Preadolescent Peer Activities | |
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Adolescent Peer Activities | |
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Peer Group Interaction | |
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Development of Friendship | |
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Acceptance/Neglect/Rejection by Peers | |
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Peer Sociotherapy | |
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Peer Group Dynamics and Social Hierarchies | |
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Inclusion and Exclusion | |
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Bullies/Victims | |
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Gangs | |
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Peer Collaboration, Tutoring, and Counseling | |
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Mesosystem Influences on the Peer Group | |
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Adult-Mediated Group Interaction | |
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Adult Leadership Styles | |
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Team Sports | |
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Epilogue | |
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Summary | |
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Activity | |
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Related Readings | |
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Ecology of the Mass Media | |
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Prologue | |
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Understanding Mass Media | |
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Chronosystem Influences on Mass Media | |
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Macrosystem Influences on Mass Media | |
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Screen Media: Television and Movies (Videos, DVDs) | |
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Concerns About Television and Movies | |
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Mediating Influences on Socialization Outcomes | |
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Mesosystem Influences | |
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Community-Media Linkages | |
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School-Media Linkages | |
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Peer-Media Linkages | |
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Family-Media Linkages | |
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Print Media: Books and Magazines | |
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How Books and Magazines Socialize Children | |
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Concerns About Books and Magazines | |
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Books, Socialization, and Developmental Levels of Children | |
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Audio Media: Popular Music | |
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Interactive and Multimedia | |
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Computers and the Internet | |
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Computerized Video/CD Games | |
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Epilogue | |
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Summary | |
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Activity | |
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Related Readings | |
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Ecology of the Community | |
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Prologue | |
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Community: Structure and Functions | |
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The Community's Influence on Socialization | |
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Physical Factors | |
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Economic Factors | |
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Social and Personal Factors | |
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The Community as a Learning Environment | |
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The Community as a Support System | |
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Chronosystem and Macrosystem Influences on Community Services | |
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Preventive, Supportive, and Rehabilitative Services | |
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Creating Caring Communities | |
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Economic Assistance | |
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Health Care | |
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Support for Families | |
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Special Child-Care Services | |
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Mesosystem Influences: Linking Community Services to Families and Schools | |
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Involvement and Advocacy | |
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Types of Advocacy Groups | |
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Advocating for Child Protection | |
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Epilogue | |
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Summary | |
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Activity | |
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Related Readings | |
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Emotional and Cognitive Socialization Outcomes | |
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Prologue | |
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Values | |
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Values Clarification | |
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Attitudes | |
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Development of Attitudes | |
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Influences on Attitude Development | |
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Changing Attitudes About Diversity | |
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Motives and Attributions | |
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Achievement Motivation | |
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Locus of Control | |
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Learned Helplessness | |
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Self-Efficacy | |
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Self-Esteem | |
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Development of Self-Esteem | |
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Influences on the Development of Self-Esteem | |
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Epilogue | |
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Summary | |
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Activity | |
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Related Readings | |
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Social and Behavioral Socialization Outcomes | |
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Prologue | |
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Self-Regulation/Behavior | |
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Antisocial Behavior: Aggression | |
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Prosocial Behavior: Altruism | |
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Morals | |
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Moral Development | |
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Influences on Moral Development | |
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Gender Roles | |
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Development of Gender Roles | |
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Influences on Gender Role Development | |
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Epilogue | |
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Summary | |
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Activity | |
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Related Readings | |
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Core Concepts of Development and Socialization | |
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Glossary | |
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References | |
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Index | |