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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is Philosophy? | |
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| A Definition of Philosophy | |
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| What Is Rationality? | |
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| Does Philosophy Bake Bread? | |
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| On the Value of Philosophy | |
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| Who Are the Philosophers? | |
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| Socrates Cafe | |
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| Reading Philosophy | |
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| Ethics | |
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| How Should One Live? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Buddha and the Middle Way | |
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| The Four Noble Truths | |
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| The Fourth Noble Truth | |
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| Confucius and the Life of Virtue | |
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| Confucius and Moral Character | |
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| Socrates on Living the Examined Life | |
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| The Apology | |
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| Aristotle on Happiness and the Life of Moderation | |
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| Nichomachean Ethics | |
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| The Song of God | |
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| Bhagavad-Gita | |
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| The Virtue of Selfishness | |
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| The Ethics of Emergencies | |
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| How Can I Know What Is Right? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Kant and the Categorical Imperative | |
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| Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals | |
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| Utilitarianism | |
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| What Utilitarianism Is | |
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| Revaluation of Values | |
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| Beyond Good and Evil | |
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| On the Genealogy of Morality | |
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| The Ethic of Care | |
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| Caring | |
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| Moral Relativism | |
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| Relativism | |
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| What Makes a Society Just? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| God and Justice | |
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| Islam and Democracy | |
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| Capitalism and Exploitation | |
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| Manifesto of the Communist Party | |
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| The Original Position | |
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| A Theory of Justice | |
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| Our Obligation to the State | |
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| Crito | |
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| Civil Disobedience | |
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| Letter from Birmingham Jail | |
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| Sovereignty and Justice: An Indigenist's Viewpoint | |
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| Perversions of Justice | |
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| Is Justice for All Possible? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Universal Human Rights | |
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| Human Rights in the "Age of Discovery" | |
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| United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights | |
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| Sexism, Racism, and Homophobia | |
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| Ain't I a Woman | |
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| Race Matters | |
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| Homophobia as a Weapon of Sexism | |
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| Globalization and Justice | |
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| One World: The Ethics of Globalization | |
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| Terrorism and Morality | |
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| Why Terrorism Is Morally Problematic | |
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| Justice and the Land | |
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| The Land Ethic | |
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| Animal Rights | |
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| The Case for Animal Rights | |
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| Epistemology | |
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| Is Knowledge Possible? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sufi Mysticism | |
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| Deliverance from Error | |
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| Is Certainty Possible? | |
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| Meditations I and II | |
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| Empiricism and Limited Skepticism | |
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| An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding | |
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| Should We Believe Beyond the Evidence? | |
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| The Ethics of Belief | |
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| The Will to Believe | |
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| Classical Indian Epistemology | |
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| Knowledge and Reality | |
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| Feminist Epistemology: A Non-Western Perspective | |
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| The Project of Feminist Epistemology | |
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| Does Science Tell Us the Whole Truth and Nothing but the Truth? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| How Do We Come to Belief? | |
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| The Fixation of Belief | |
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| The Growth of Scientific Knowledge | |
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| Conjectures and Refutations | |
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| Scientific Revolutions | |
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| The Structure of Scientific Revolutions | |
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| Science and Traditional Thought | |
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| Old Gods, New Worlds | |
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| The Will to Truth | |
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| The Discourse on Language | |
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| Truth and Power | |
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| Metaphysics | |
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| What Is Really Real? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Dao | |
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| Dao De Jing | |
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| Platonic Dualism | |
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| The Republic | |
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| Nondualism | |
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| The Crest-Jewel of Discrimination | |
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| Subjective Idealism | |
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| The Principles of Human Knowledge | |
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| Pre-Columbian Cosmologies | |
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| Pre-Columbian Philosophical Perspectives | |
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| So What Is Real? | |
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| The Circular Ruins | |
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| Are We Free or Determined? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Would You Want One of These? | |
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| The Case of Dr. Svengali | |
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| We Are Determined | |
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| Not Guilty | |
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| We Are Free | |
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| Existentialism | |
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| Karma and Freedom | |
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| Karma and Freedom | |
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| We Are Both Free and Determined | |
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| Chanelle, Sabrina, and the Oboe | |
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| What Am I? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| You Are Your Mind | |
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| Mediation VI | |
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| You Are an Embodied Self | |
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| Body, Mind, and Gender | |
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| You Are a Computing Machine | |
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| Computing the Mind | |
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| You Are Not a Machine | |
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| Can Computers Think? | |
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| You Are Meat | |
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| They're Made Out of Meat | |
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| Who Am I? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| There Is No Self | |
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| False Doctrines about the Soul | |
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| The Simile of the Chariot | |
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| Down with the Ego | |
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| Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons | |
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| Where Am I? | |
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| Brainstorms | |
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| Social Identity | |
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| How to Tame a Wild Tongue | |
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| Gender Identity | |
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| Crossing | |
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| Is There a God? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Arguments for God's Existence | |
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| The Five Ways | |
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| The Kalam Argument from Islam | |
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| Problems with the Cosmological Argument | |
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| Creationism vs. Evolution | |
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| The Blind Watchmaker | |
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| Why Do Babies Suffer? | |
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| God and the Problem of Evil | |
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| The Gender of God | |
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| Beyond God the Father | |
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| Are All Religions True? | |
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| The Role of Religion in Modern Society | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Pronunciation Guides | |