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Preface | |
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Concepts of Crime, Law, and Criminology | |
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Crime and Criminology | |
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What Is Criminology? | |
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Criminology and Criminal Justice | |
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Criminology and Deviance | |
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Becoming Deviant | |
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A Brief History of Criminology | |
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Classical Criminology | |
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Nineteenth-Century Positivism | |
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The Foundations of Sociological Criminology | |
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The Development of Sociological Criminology | |
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The Development of Social Process Theories | |
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The Roots of Conflict Criminology | |
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Contemporary Criminology | |
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What Criminologists Do: The Criminological Enterprise | |
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Criminal Statistics | |
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The Sociology of Law | |
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Theory Construction | |
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Criminal Behavior Systems | |
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Penology | |
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Victimology | |
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Comparative Criminology: International Crime Trends | |
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How Criminologists View Crime | |
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The Consensus View of Crime | |
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The Conflict View of Crime | |
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The Interactionist View of Crime | |
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Defining Crime | |
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Crime and the Criminal Law | |
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Common Law | |
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Contemporary Criminal Law | |
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The Evolution of Criminal Law | |
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Ethical Issues in Criminology | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: The Elements of Criminal Law | |
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Summary | |
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ThomsonNOW | |
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Thinking Like a Criminologist | |
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Doing Research on the Web | |
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Book Companion Website | |
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Key Terms | |
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Critical Thinking Questions | |
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Notes | |
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The Nature and Extent of Crime | |
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Primary Sources of Crime Data | |
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Official Record Research | |
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Survey Research | |
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The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) | |
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Evaluating Primary Crime Data Sources | |
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Secondary Sources of Crime Data | |
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Cohort Research | |
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Experimental Research | |
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Observational and Interview Research | |
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Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review | |
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Data Mining | |
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Crime Mapping | |
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Crime Trends | |
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Trends in Violent Crime | |
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Trends in Property Crime | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: Explaining Crime Trends | |
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Trends in Victimization Data (NCVS Findings) | |
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Trends in Self-Reporting | |
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What the Future Holds | |
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Crime Patterns | |
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The Ecology of Crime | |
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Use of Firearms | |
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Social Class, Socioeconomic Conditions, and Crime | |
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Policy and Practice in Criminology: Should Guns Be Controlled? | |
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Age and Crime | |
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Gender and Crime | |
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Race and Crime | |
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Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers | |
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Summary | |
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ThomsonNOW | |
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Thinking Like a Criminologist | |
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Doing Research on the Web | |
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Book Companion Website | |
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Key Terms | |
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Critical Thinking Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Victims and Victimization | |
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Problems of Crime Victims | |
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Economic Loss | |
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System Abuse | |
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Long-Term Stress | |
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Fear | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: Adolescent Victims of Violence | |
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Antisocial Behavior | |
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The Nature of Victimization | |
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The Social Ecology of Victimization | |
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The Victim's Household | |
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Victim Characteristics | |
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Victims and Their Criminals | |
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Theories of Victimization | |
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Victim Precipitation Theory | |
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Lifestyle Theory | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: Rape on Campus: Lifestyle and Risk | |
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Deviant Place Theory | |
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Routine Activities Theory | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: Crime and Everyday Life | |
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Caring for the Victim | |
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The Government's Response | |
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Victim Service Programs | |
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Victims' Rights | |
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Comparative Criminology: Victims' Rights in Europe | |
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Victim Advocacy | |
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Self-Protection | |
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Community Organization | |
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Summary | |
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ThomsonNOW | |
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Thinking Like a Criminologist | |
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Doing Research on the Web | |
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Book Companion Website | |
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Key Terms | |
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Critical Thinking Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Theories of Crime Causation | |
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Choice Theories | |
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The Development of Rational Choice Theory | |
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The Classical Theory of Crime | |
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Choice Theory Emerges | |
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The Concepts of Rational Choice | |
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Offense- and Offender-Specific Crimes | |
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Structuring Criminality | |
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Structuring Crime | |
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Is Crime Rational? | |
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Is Theft Rational? | |
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Is Drug Use Rational? | |
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Is Violence Rational? | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: Hector Vega: A Life in the Drug Trade | |
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Eliminating Crime | |
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Situational Crime Prevention | |
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Comparative Criminology: CCTV or Not CCTV? Comparing Situational Crime Prevention Efforts in Great Britain and the United States | |
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General Deterrence | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: Does Capital Punishment Deter Murder? | |
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Specific Deterrence | |
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Race, Culture, Gender, and Criminology: Deterring Domestic Violence | |
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Incapacitation | |
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Public Policy Implications of Choice Theory | |
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Just Desert | |
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Summary | |
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ThomsonNOW | |
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Thinking Like a Criminologist | |
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Doing Research on the Web | |
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Book Companion Website | |
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Key Terms | |
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Critical Thinking Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Trait Theories | |
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Foundations of Trait Theory | |
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Impact of Sociobiology | |
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Modern Trait Theories | |
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Biosocial Trait Theories | |
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Biochemical Conditions and Crime | |
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Comparative Criminology: Diet and Crime: An International Perspective | |
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Neurophysiological Conditions and Crime | |
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Arousal Theory | |
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Genetics and Crime | |
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Evolutionary Theory | |
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Evaluation of the Biosocial Branch of Trait Theory | |
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Psychological Trait Theories | |
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Psychodynamic Theory | |
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Behavioral Theory | |
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Cognitive Theory | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: The Media and Violence | |
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Psychological Traits and Characteristics | |
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Personality and Crime | |
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Intelligence and Crime | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: The Antisocial Personality | |
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Public Policy Implications of Trait Theory | |
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Summary | |
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ThomsonNOW | |
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Thinking Like a Criminologist | |
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Doing Research on the Web | |
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Book Companion Website | |
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Key Terms | |
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Critical Thinking Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Social Structure Theories | |
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Socioeconomic Structure and Crime | |
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Child Poverty | |
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The Underclass | |
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Minority Group Poverty | |
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Social Structure Theories | |
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Race, Culture, Gender, and Criminology: Bridging the Racial Divide | |
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Social Disorganization Theories | |
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Foundations of Social Disorganization Theory | |
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The Social Ecology School | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: Random Family | |
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Strain Theories | |
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The Concept of Anomie | |
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Merton's Theory of Anomie | |
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Structural Level Strain: Institutional Anomie Theory | |
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Individual Level Strain: General Strain Theory | |
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Sources of Strain | |
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Coping with Strain | |
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Evaluating GST | |
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Cultural Deviance Theories | |
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Conduct Norms | |
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Focal Concerns | |
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Theory of Delinquent Subcultures | |
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Race, Culture, Gender, and Criminology: The Code of the Streets | |
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Theory of Differential Opportunity | |
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Evaluating Social Structure Theories | |
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Public Policy Implications of Social Structure Theory | |
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Summary | |
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ThomsonNOW | |
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Thinking Like a Criminologist | |
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Doing Research on the Web | |
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| |
Book Companion Website | |
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Key Terms | |
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Critical Thinking Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Social Process Theories | |
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Socialization and Crime | |
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Family Relations | |
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Educational Experience | |
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Peer Relations | |
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Policy and Practice in Criminology: Keeping Kids in School: The Communities In Schools Program | |
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Institutional Involvement and Belief | |
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The Effects of Socialization on Crime | |
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Social Learning Theory | |
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Differential Association Theory | |
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Differential Reinforcement Theory | |
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Neutralization Theory | |
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Are Learning Theories Valid? | |
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Social Control Theory | |
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Self-Concept and Crime | |
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Hirschi's Social Bond Theory | |
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Social Reaction Theory | |
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Crime and Labeling Theory | |
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Differential Enforcement | |
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Becoming Labeled | |
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Consequences of Labeling | |
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Primary and Secondary Deviance | |
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Research on Social Reaction Theory | |
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Is Labeling Theory Valid? | |
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Evaluating Social Process Theories | |
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Public Policy Implications of Social Process Theory | |
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Policy and Practice in Criminology: Head Start | |
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Summary | |
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ThomsonNOW | |
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Thinking Like a Criminologist | |
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Doing Research on the Web | |
| |
| |
Book Companion Website | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
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Critical Thinking Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Social Conflict Theories: Critical Criminology and Restorative Justice | |
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Marxist Thought | |
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Productive Forces and Productive Relations | |
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Surplus Value | |
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Marx on Crime | |
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Developing a Conflict-Based Theory of Crime | |
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The Contribution of Willem Bonger | |
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The Contribution of Ralf Dahrendorf | |
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The Contribution of George Vold | |
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Social Conflict Theory | |
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Social Conflict Research | |
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Critical Criminology | |
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Fundamentals of Critical Criminology | |
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Instrumental versus Structural Theory | |
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Research on Critical Criminology | |
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Critique of Critical Criminology | |
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Contemporary Forms of Critical Theory | |
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Left Realism | |
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Critical Feminist Theory | |
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Power-Control Theory | |
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Race, Culture, Gender, and Criminology: Capitalism and Patriarchy | |
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Postmodern Theory | |
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Peacemaking Theory | |
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Public Policy Implications of Social Conflict Theory: Restorative Justice | |
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Reintegrative Shaming | |
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The Concept of Restorative Justice | |
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The Process of Restoration | |
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The Challenge of Restorative Justice | |
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Comparative Criminology: Practicing Restorative Justice Abroad | |
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Summary | |
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ThomsonNOW | |
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| |
Thinking Like a Criminologist | |
| |
| |
Doing Research on the Web | |
| |
| |
Book Companion Website | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
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Critical Thinking Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Developmental Theories: Life Course and Latent Trait | |
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Foundations of Developmental Theory | |
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Life Course Fundamentals | |
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Problem Behavior Syndrome | |
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Pathways to Crime | |
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Age of Onset/Continuity of Crime | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: Desisting from Crime | |
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Adolescent-Limiteds and Life Course Persisters | |
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Theories of the Criminal Life Course | |
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Sampson and Laub: Age-Graded Theory | |
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Latent Trait Fundamentals | |
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Crime and Human Nature | |
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General Theory of Crime | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: Shared Beginnings, Divergent Lives | |
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Evaluating Developmental Theories | |
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Policy and Practice in Criminology: The Fast Track Project | |
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Public Policy Implications of Developmental Theory | |
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Summary | |
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ThomsonNOW | |
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| |
Thinking Like a Criminologist | |
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| |
Doing Research on the Web | |
| |
| |
Book Companion Website | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
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Critical Thinking Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Crime Typologies | |
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Violent Crime | |
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The Causes of Violence | |
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Psychological Abnormality | |
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Evolutionary Factors/Human Instinct | |
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Substance Abuse | |
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Socialization and Upbringing | |
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Exposure to Violence | |
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Cultural Values/Subculture of Violence | |
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Forcible Rape | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: Violent Land | |
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History of Rape | |
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Rape and the Military | |
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Incidence of Rape | |
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Types of Rape and Rapists | |
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The Causes of Rape | |
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Rape and the Law | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: Masculinity and Sexual Violence among the Urban Poor | |
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Murder and Homicide | |
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Degrees of Murder | |
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The Nature and Extent of Murder | |
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Murderous Relations | |
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Serial Murder | |
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Mass Murder | |
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Assault and Battery | |
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The Nature and Extent of Assault | |
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Assault in the Home | |
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Robbery | |
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Acquaintance Robbery | |
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Rational Robbery | |
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Emerging Forms of Interpersonal Violence | |
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Hate Crimes | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: Armed Robbers in Action | |
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Workplace Violence | |
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Stalking | |
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Terrorism | |
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What Is Terrorism? | |
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A Brief History of Terrorism | |
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Contemporary Forms of Terrorism | |
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Comparative Criminology: Transnational Terrorism in the New Millennium | |
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What Motivates Terrorists? | |
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Responses to Terrorism | |
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Summary | |
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ThomsonNOW | |
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| |
Thinking Like a Criminologist | |
| |
| |
Doing Research on the Web | |
| |
| |
Book-Companion Website | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
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| |
Critical Thinking Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Property Crime | |
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A Brief History of Theft | |
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Modern Thieves | |
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Occasional Criminals | |
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Professional Criminals | |
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Sutherland's Professional Criminal | |
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The Professional Fence | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: Transforming Theft: Train Robbers and Safecrackers | |
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The Nonprofessional Fence | |
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Larceny/Theft | |
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Larceny Today | |
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Shoplifting | |
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Bad Checks | |
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Credit Card Theft | |
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Auto Theft | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: Credit Card Fraud | |
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False Pretenses or Fraud | |
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Confidence Games | |
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Embezzlement | |
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Burglary | |
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The Nature and Extent of Burglary | |
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Residential Burglary | |
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Commercial Burglary | |
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Race, Culture, Gender, and Criminology: Are There Gender Differences in Burglary? | |
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Careers in Burglary | |
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| |
Arson | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: What Motivates Juvenile Fire Setters? | |
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Summary | |
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| |
ThomsonNOW | |
| |
| |
Thinking Like a Criminologist | |
| |
| |
Doing Research on the Web | |
| |
| |
Book Companion Website | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
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| |
Critical Thinking Questions | |
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| |
Notes | |
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Enterprise Crime: White-Collar and Organized Crime | |
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Enterprise Crime | |
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Crimes of Business Enterprise | |
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White-Collar Crime | |
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Redefining White-Collar Crime | |
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Components of White-Collar Crime | |
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Stings and Swindles | |
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Chiseling | |
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Individual Exploitation of an Institutional Position | |
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Influence Peddling and Bribery | |
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Embezzlement and Employee Fraud | |
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The Criminological Enterprise: Tyco, Enron, and WorldCom: Enterprise Crime at the Highest Levels | |
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Client Fraud | |
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Corporate Crime | |
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Causes of White-Collar Crime | |
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Greedy or Needy? | |
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Theories of White-Collar Crime | |
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Rationalization/Neutralization View | |
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Comparative Criminology: Snakes and Ladders: Confronting White-Collar Crime in Britain | |
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Corporate Culture View | |
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Self-Control View | |
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White-Collar Law Enforcement Systems | |
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Controlling White-Collar Crime | |
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Is the Tide Turning? | |
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Organized Crime | |
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Characteristics of Organized Crime | |
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Activities of Organized Crime | |
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The Concept of Organized Crime | |
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Alien Conspiracy Theory | |
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Contemporary Organized Crime Groups | |
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The Evolution of Organized Crime | |
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Comparative Criminology: Russian Organized Crime | |
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Controlling Organized Crime | |
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The Future of Organized Crime | |
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Summary | |
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| |
ThomsonNOW | |
| |
| |
Thinking Like a Criminologist | |
| |
| |
Doing Research on the Web | |
| |
| |
Book Companion Website | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
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| |
Critical Thinking Questions | |
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| |
Notes | |
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Public Order Crime | |
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Law and Morality | |
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Debating Morality | |
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Social Harm | |
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Moral Crusaders | |
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Homosexuality | |
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Attitudes toward Homosexuality | |
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Homosexuality and the Law | |
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Is the Tide Turning? | |
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| |
Paraphilias | |
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Prostitution | |
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Comparative Criminology: The Natasha Trade: International Trafficking in Prostitution | |
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Incidence of Prostitution | |
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| |
International Sex Trade | |
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Types of Prostitutes | |
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Becoming a Prostitute | |
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Controlling Prostitution | |
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| |
Legalize Prostitution? | |
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Pornography | |
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Child Pornography | |
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Does Pornography Cause Violence? | |
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Pornography and the Law | |
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Controlling Pornography | |
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Technological Change | |
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Substance Abuse | |
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When Did Drug Use Begin? | |
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Alcohol and Its Prohibition | |
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The Extent of Substance Abuse | |
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AIDS and Drug Use | |
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What Causes Substance Abuse? | |
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Is There a Drug Gateway? | |
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Types of Drug Users | |
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Drugs and Crime | |
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Drugs and the Law | |
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Drug Control Strategies | |
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Policy and Practice in Criminology: Drug Abuse Resistance Education | |
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Drug Legalization | |
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Summary | |
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ThomsonNOW | |
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Thinking Like a Criminologist | |
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Doing Research on the Web | |
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Book Companion Website | |
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Key Terms | |
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Critical Thinking Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Cyber Crime and Technology | |
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Cyber Theft: Cyber Crimes for Profit | |
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Computer Fraud | |
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Distributing Illegal Sexual Material | |
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Denial of Service Attack | |
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Illegal Copyright Infringement | |
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Internet Securities Fraud | |
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Identity Theft | |
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E-Tailing Fraud | |
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Cyber Vandalism: Cyber Crime with Malicious Intent | |
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Worms, Viruses, Trojan Horses, Logic Bombs, and Spam | |
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Web Defacement | |
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Cyber Stalking | |
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Cyber Spying | |
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Cyber Terrorism: Cyber Crime with Political Motives | |
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Why Terrorism in Cyber Space? | |
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Cyber Attacks | |
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Is Cyber Terrorism a Real Threat? | |
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The Extent and Costs of Cyber Crime | |
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Controlling Cyber Crime | |
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Cyber Crime Enforcement Agencies | |
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Local Enforcement Efforts | |
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Controlling Crime Using Information Technology | |
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Law Enforcement Technology | |
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Policy and Practice in Criminology: Crime Scene Investigation Goes High Tech | |
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Policy and Practice in Criminology: Biometric Technology | |
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Court Technology | |
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Corrections Technology | |
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Information Technology, Crime, and Civil Liberties | |
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Summary | |
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ThomsonNOW | |
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Thinking Like a Criminologist | |
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Doing Research on the Web | |
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Book Companion Website | |
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Key Terms | |
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Critical Thinking Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Glossary | |
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Case Index | |
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Name Index | |
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Subject Index | |
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Photo Credits | |