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| Introduction | |
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| The Historical Problem Suggested by the Nature of Modern Thought | |
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| The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Science the Key to This Problem | |
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| Copernicus and Kepler | |
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| The Problem of the New Astronomy | |
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| Metaphysical Bearings of the Pre-Copernican Progress in Mathematics | |
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| Ultimate Implications of Copernicus' Step--Revival of Pythagoreanism | |
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| Kepler's Early Acceptance of the New World-Scheme | |
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| First Formulation of the New Metaphysics--Causality, Quantity, Primary and Secondary Qualities | |
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| Galileo | |
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| The Science of "Local Motion" | |
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| Nature as Mathematical Order--Galileo's Method | |
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| The Subjectivity of Secondary Qualities | |
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| Motion, Space, and Time | |
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| The Nature of Causality--God and the Physical World--Positivism | |
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| Descartes | |
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| Mathematics as the Key to Knowledge | |
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| Geometrical Conception of the Physical Universe | |
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| "Res extensa" and "Res cogitans" | |
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| The Problem of Mind and Body | |
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| Seventeenth-Century English Philosophy | |
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| Hobbes' Attack on the Cartesian Dualism | |
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| Treatment of Secondary Qualities and Causality | |
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| More's Notion of Extension as a Category of Spirit | |
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| The "Spirit of Nature" | |
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| Space as the Divine Presence | |
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| Barrow's Philosophy of Method, Space, and Time | |
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| Gilbert and Boyle | |
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| The Non-Mathematical Scientific Current | |
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| Boyle's Importance as Scientist and Philosopher | |
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| Acceptance and Defence of the Mechanical World-View | |
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| Value of Qualitative and Teleological Explanations | |
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| Insistence on Reality of Secondary Qualities--Conception of Man | |
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| Pessimistic View of Human Knowledge--Positivism | |
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| Boyle's Philosophy of the Ether | |
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| God's Relation to the Mechanical World | |
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| Summary of the Pre-Newtonian Development | |
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| The Metaphysics of Newton | |
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| Newton's Method | |
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| The Mathematical Aspect | |
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| The Empirical Aspect | |
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| Attack on "Hypotheses" | |
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| Newton's Union of Mathematics and Experiment | |
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| The Doctrine of Positivism | |
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| Newton's General Conception of the World, and of Man's Relation to It | |
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| Space, Time, and Mass | |
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| Mass | |
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| Space and Time | |
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| Criticism of Newton's Philosophy of Space and Time | |
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| Newton's Conception of the Ether | |
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| The Function of the Ether | |
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| Newton's Early Speculations | |
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| Development of a More Settled Theory | |
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| God--Creator and Preserver of the Order of the World | |
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| Newton as Theologian | |
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| God's Present Duties in the Cosmic Economy | |
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| The Historical Relations of Newton's Theism | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |