| |
| |
Transaction Introduction | |
| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
What is Anthropology? | |
| |
| |
Anthropology treats of man as a member of a racial or social group | |
| |
| |
Pure and applied anthropology | |
| |
| |
| |
The Problem of Race | |
| |
| |
Significance of the term "Race" | |
| |
| |
Overlapping of racial types | |
| |
| |
Subjective existence of types | |
| |
| |
Racial heredity and family lines | |
| |
| |
Inbred and heterogeneous types | |
| |
| |
Attempts to determine constituent races of a population | |
| |
| |
Selection | |
| |
| |
Genetic differences between individuals of the same bodily form | |
| |
| |
Environmental influences upon bodily form | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Races considered from an evolutionary viewpoint | |
| |
| |
Relation between the size of the brain and intelligence | |
| |
| |
Man as a domesticated form | |
| |
| |
Physiological and mental differences between races | |
| |
| |
Difficulty of distinguishing between hereditary and environmental conditions | |
| |
| |
Significance of intelligence tests | |
| |
| |
Tests of American Negroes | |
| |
| |
Relative importance of cultural experience and racial descent | |
| |
| |
Racial descent disregarded by ethnologists | |
| |
| |
| |
The Interrelation of Races | |
| |
| |
Race consciousness | |
| |
| |
Open and closed societies | |
| |
| |
Race a type of closed society | |
| |
| |
Intermingling of races | |
| |
| |
Conditions under which race antipathies break down | |
| |
| |
| |
Nationalism | |
| |
| |
Confusion between the terms "Race" and "Nationality" | |
| |
| |
Racial segregation within a nation | |
| |
| |
Mixed descent of European nations | |
| |
| |
Language as basis of national groupings | |
| |
| |
Nationality, political and cultural | |
| |
| |
Culture and political organization as basis of nationality | |
| |
| |
Fictitious groupings based on distant relation of speech | |
| |
| |
History of nationalism | |
| |
| |
Increase in size of political units | |
| |
| |
Early development of tribal units | |
| |
| |
The function of nationalism | |
| |
| |
| |
Eugenics | |
| |
| |
Effects of selection | |
| |
| |
Effect of environment and heredity | |
| |
| |
General degeneracy | |
| |
| |
Selection for development of specific qualities | |
| |
| |
Social effects of eugenic legislation | |
| |
| |
Elimination of the unfit | |
| |
| |
Dangers of eugenic procedure | |
| |
| |
| |
Criminology | |
| |
| |
Criminals as a class | |
| |
| |
Criminals as defectives | |
| |
| |
Social conditions and crime | |
| |
| |
Relative importance of hereditary and environmental factors | |
| |
| |
| |
Stability of Culture | |
| |
| |
Acceleration of cultural development | |
| |
| |
Periodicity of the rate of change | |
| |
| |
Automatic habits | |
| |
| |
Negative effect of automatism | |
| |
| |
Intolerance | |
| |
| |
Causes of conformity | |
| |
| |
Relation between material inventions and automatic habits | |
| |
| |
The relation between language and thought | |
| |
| |
Effect of uniformity of culture | |
| |
| |
The influence of individuals upon culture | |
| |
| |
Actions are more stable than their interpretations | |
| |
| |
Stability of patterns of thought | |
| |
| |
| |
Education | |
| |
| |
Phenomena of growth and development | |
| |
| |
Influence of heredity | |
| |
| |
Retardation and acceleration | |
| |
| |
Comparison of sexes | |
| |
| |
Application of generalized observations to the establishment of educational standards | |
| |
| |
Racial characteristics | |
| |
| |
Generalized standards are not applicable to individuals | |
| |
| |
Cases in which standards are applicable | |
| |
| |
Prediction of individual development | |
| |
| |
Cultural effects of education | |
| |
| |
Effect of education upon mental freedom | |
| |
| |
Conflicts in educational aims | |
| |
| |
Effect of education upon crises in the life of the individual | |
| |
| |
The cultural outlook of classes | |
| |
| |
Cultural outlook of educated class | |
| |
| |
Cultural outlook of the masses | |
| |
| |
| |
Modern Life and Primitive Culture | |
| |
| |
Valuation of different cultural aims | |
| |
| |
Objective study must be based on different cultures | |
| |
| |
Anthropology an historic science | |
| |
| |
Primitive cultures as historic growths | |
| |
| |
General social laws | |
| |
| |
Prediction of development of culture impossible | |
| |
| |
Progress in inventions and knowledge | |
| |
| |
Effect of leisure | |
| |
| |
Stability of moral ideas | |
| |
| |
Progress in ethical behavior | |
| |
| |
Self-perfection | |
| |
| |
Progress in social organization | |
| |
| |
Leadership | |
| |
| |
Position of women | |
| |
| |
Marriage | |
| |
| |
Property | |
| |
| |
Georgraphic determinism | |
| |
| |
Economic determinism | |
| |
| |
Is the direction of cultural development predetermined? | |
| |
| |
Culture not superorganic | |
| |
| |
Afterword | |
| |
| |
References | |