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| List of Reference Charts | |
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| Tools for Language Learning | |
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| Parts of Speech | |
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| Sentences | |
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| Dictionaries | |
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| Verb Tenses | |
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| Present Tenses | |
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| Past Tenses | |
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| Modals | |
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| Time | |
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| Ability | |
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| Necessity | |
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| Advisability and Hindsight | |
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| Expectation | |
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| Options | |
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| Certainty and Lack of Certainty | |
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| Polite Forms | |
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| Passive Voice | |
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| Forming Passive Voice Verb Phrases | |
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| Reasons to Use Passive Voice | |
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| A/an and the | |
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| Count Nouns and Noncount Nouns | |
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| Article Use: Singular Count Nouns | |
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| Article Use: Plurals and Noncount Nouns | |
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| Generic Use of Nouns | |
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| Helpful Guidelines | |
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| Subject-Verb Agreement | |
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| Agreement | |
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| Troublesome Subjects | |
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| Modifiers and Comparisons | |
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| Modifiers of Nouns | |
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| Adverbs | |
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| Comparisons | |
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| Gerunds and Infinitives | |
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| Gerunds | |
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| Infinitives | |
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| Make, Let, and Have | |
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| Parallel Structure | |
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| Using Parallel Structure | |
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| Subordination and Transition: Adverb Clauses | |
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| Ways to Connect Ideas | |
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| Troublesome Subordinating Conjunctions | |
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| Troublesome Transitional Expressions | |
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| A Few More Troublesome Expressions | |
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| Using Transitional Expressions to Organize an Essay | |
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| Adjective Clauses | |
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| Subject Adjective Clauses | |
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| Object Adjective Clauses | |
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| Preposition Adjective Clauses | |
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| Restrictive versus Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses | |
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| Adjective Clauses with Whose | |
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| Other Uses of Which Clauses | |
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| Adjective Clauses with of Which or of Whom | |
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| Noun Clauses | |
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| Noun Clauses with Question Words | |
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| If Noun Clauses | |
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| That Noun Clauses | |
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| That Noun Clauses versus Noun Clauses with Question Words | |
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| It Sentences with Noun Clauses | |
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| Noun Clauses as Complements | |
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| The Formal Sequence of Tenses for Reported Speech | |
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| Subjunctive Verb Forms | |
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| Ordinary Conditionals ("Real" Conditionals) | |
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| Hypothetical Conditionals ("Unreal" Conditionals): Present/Future Time | |
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| Hypothetical Conditionals ("Unreal" Conditionals): Past Time | |
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| Hypothetical Conditionals ("Unreal" Conditionals): Mixed Time | |
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| Hidden and Implied Conditionals | |
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| Rare Forms | |
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| Subjunctive Complements | |
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| Wish | |
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| Participial Phrases | |
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| Adjectival Participial Phrases | |
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| Time Relationships in Participial Phrases | |
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| Adverbial Participial Phrases | |
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| Other Participial Phrase Forms | |
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| Readings | |
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| Reading Poetry | |
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| Reading Prose | |
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| Words from the Academic and University Word Lists | |
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| Answer Key | |