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| Preface | |
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| Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Engine Cycles | |
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| Operational Parameters | |
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| Engine Configurations | |
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| Engine Examples | |
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| Alternative Power Plants | |
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| Sources of Additional Information | |
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| References | |
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| Homework | |
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| Gas Cycles | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Constant Volume Heat Addition | |
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| Constant Pressure Heat Addition | |
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| Dual Cycle | |
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| Miller Cycle | |
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| Finite Heat Release | |
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| Ideal Four-Stroke Process and Residual Fraction | |
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| Discussion of Gas Cycle Models | |
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| References | |
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| Homework | |
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| Fuel, Air, and Combustion Thermodynamics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Ideal Gas Equations of State | |
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| Liquids and Liquid-Vapor-Gas Mixtures | |
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| Stoichiometry and Low Temperature Combustion Modeling | |
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| General Chemical Equilibrium | |
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| Chemical Equilibrium Using Equilibrium Constants | |
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| Combustion and the First Law | |
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| Isentropic Processes | |
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| References | |
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| Homework | |
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| Fuel-Air Cycles | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Comparison of First and Second Law Efficiency | |
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| Otto Cycle | |
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| Four-Stroke Otto Cycle | |
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| Fuel-Injected Limited-Pressure Cycle | |
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| Comparison of Fuel-Air Cycle with Actual Spark Ignition Cycles | |
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| Comparison of Fuel-Air Cycle with Actual Compression Ignition Cycles | |
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| References | |
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| Homework | |
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| Engine Testing and Control | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Dynamometers | |
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| Fuel and Air Flow Measurement | |
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| Exhaust Gas Analysis | |
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| Residual Fraction | |
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| Pressure-Volume Measurement and Combustion Analysis | |
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| Vehicle Emissions Testing | |
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| Engine Sensors and Actuators in Vehicles | |
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| Engine Control Systems | |
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| Effect of Ambient Pressure and Temperature | |
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| References | |
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| Homework | |
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| Friction | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Friction Mean Effective Pressure | |
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| Measurements of the Friction Mean Effective Pressure | |
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| Friction Coefficient | |
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| Journal Bearings | |
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| Piston and Ring Friction | |
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| Valve Train Friction | |
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| Pumping Mean Effective Pressure | |
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| Accessory Friction | |
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| Overall Engine Friction Mean Effective Pressure | |
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| References | |
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| Homework | |
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| Air, Fuel, and Exhaust Flow | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Valve Flow | |
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| Intake and Exhaust Flow | |
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| Fluid Flow in the Cylinder | |
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| Turbulent Flow | |
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| Air Flow in Two-Stroke Engines | |
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| Superchargers and Turbochargers | |
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| Fuel Injectors | |
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| Carburetion | |
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| References | |
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| Homework | |
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| Heat and Mass Transfer | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Engine Cooling Systems | |
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| Engine Energy Balance | |
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| Cylinder Heat Transfer Measurements | |
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| Heat Transfer Modeling | |
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| Heat Transfer Correlations | |
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| Radiation Heat Transfer | |
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| Mass Loss or Blowby | |
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| References | |
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| Homework | |
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| Combustion and Emissions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Combustion in Spark Ignition Engines | |
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| Abnormal Combustion (Knock) in Spark Ignition Engines | |
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| Combustion in Compression Ignition Engines | |
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| Thermodynamic Analysis | |
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| Nitrogen Oxides | |
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| Carbon Monoxide | |
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| Hydrocarbons | |
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| Particulates | |
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| Emission Control | |
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| References | |
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| Homework | |
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| Fuels and Lubricants | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Hydrocarbon Chemistry | |
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| Refining | |
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| Gasoline Fuels | |
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| Diesel Fuels | |
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| Alternative Fuels | |
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| Engine Oils | |
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| References | |
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| Homework | |
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| Overall Engine Performance | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Engine Size | |
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| Ignition and Injection Timing | |
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| Engine and Piston Speed | |
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| Compression Ratio | |
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| Part-Load Performance | |
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| Engine Performance Maps | |
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| Vehicle Performance Simulation | |
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| References | |
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| Homework | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Physical Properties of Air | |
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| Thermodynamic Property Tables for Various Ideal Gases | |
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| Curve Fit Coefficients for Thermodynamic Properties of Various Ideal Gases and Fuels | |
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| Conversion Factors and Physical Constants | |
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| Index | |