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| Using Technology: Technology as a Tool | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Technology as a Management Tool | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Using Technology Effectively | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Completing a Needs Assessment | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Emergency Management and the Internet: Information Superhighway | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Case Study: Hurricane Katrina and the Internet | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| The Beginning of the Internet | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| The Internet as a System | |
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| Open and Closed Internet Systems | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Internet, the Web, and the Emergency Management Community | |
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| The World Wide Web | |
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| Limitations of the Internet | |
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| Helpful Web Sites for Emergency Managers | |
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| Forums and Webcasting | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Networks and Communications Systems: Working Together | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What is a Network? | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Types of Networks | |
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| Wireline Networks | |
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| Wireless Networks | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Communication Networks | |
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| The Telephone System | |
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| Digital Transmission Services | |
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| Microwave Radio Services | |
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| Satellite Communications | |
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| Disruptions in Communication Networks | |
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| Local Area Network (LAN) | |
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| Wide Area Network (WAN) | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Trends in Technology Affecting Networks | |
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| Remote Access to Information | |
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| Information Overload | |
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| Data Integration | |
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| Real-Time Response Data | |
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| Capability and Compatibility Issues in Networks and Communications | |
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| Using Technology to Create Synergy | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| GIS and GPS Tools: Maps and Geographic Systems | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Geographic Information System: A Review of the Technology | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| GIS in Emergency Management | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Developing and Implementing a GIS | |
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| LandView and MARPLOT Software | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Data Representation | |
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| Vector Data | |
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| Raster Data | |
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| TIGER Files | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Geocoding | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Global Positioning Systems | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Direct and Remote Sensing: Describing and Detecting Hazards | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Direct Sensing and Data | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Weather Stations | |
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| Data from Outside Weather Stations | |
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| Remote Automated Weather Station (RAWS) | |
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| Case Study: GeoMAC | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Water Data Sensors | |
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| Local Flood Warning Systems | |
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| Rain and Stream Gages | |
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| United States Geological Survey (USGS) Stream-Gaging Program | |
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| Using the Stream Flow Data for Emergency Management | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Air Data Sensors | |
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| Air Sensors and Air Quality | |
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| Chemical Sensors | |
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| Using Air Data Sensors in Cases of Terrorism | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Evaluating the Technology | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Remote Sensing | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Satellites | |
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| NOAA GOES Satellite | |
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| Polar Orbiting Satellites | |
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| Landsat | |
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| Case Example: Long Term Monitoring of Environmental Change | |
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| Imaging Radar | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Using and Assessing Data | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Trends in Technology | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Emergency Management Decision Support Systems: Using Data to Manage Disasters | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Emergency Management Information Systems | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Evaluating Information Systems | |
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| Quality | |
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| Timeliness | |
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| Completeness | |
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| Performance | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Accessing Federal, State, and Local Information Systems | |
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| The National Emergency Management Information System (NEMIS) | |
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| Federal Emergency Management Information System (FEMIS) | |
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| Computer Aided Management of Emergency Operations (CAMEO) | |
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| Other Decision Support Information Systems | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Using Data | |
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| Databases | |
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| Data Dictionary (or Metadata) | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Working with Hazardous Chemical (Tier 2) Database Structure | |
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| Example of Tier 2 Database | |
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| Tier 2 Database Reporting Model | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Evaluating Databases | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Using Emergency Management Databases | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Obtaining Data from Public Federal Data Sources | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Hazard Analysis and Modeling: Predicting the Impact | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Modeling and Emergency Management | |
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| The Technology behind Modeling | |
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| Understanding the Results of Modeling | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Hurricane Model (SLOSH) | |
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| SLOSH for Planning, Response, Recovery, and Mitigation | |
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| Strengths of SLOSH | |
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| Limitations of SLOSH | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Using the ALOHA Chemical Dispersion Modeling | |
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| Model Outputs | |
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| Strengths of ALOHA | |
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| Limitations of ALOHA | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Assessing HAZUS-MH Models | |
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| Strengths of HAZUS-MH | |
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| Limitations of HAZUS-MH | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Additional Models | |
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| Fire Modeling | |
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| Evacuation Modeling | |
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| Drought Modeling | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Evaluating Hazard Models | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Warning Systems: Alerting the Public to Danger | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Warning Systems | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Detection and Management | |
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| Case Study: Detection at a Local Level | |
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| National Weather Service | |
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| Case Study: Detection at a National Level | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Issuing Warnings | |
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| Technical Issues | |
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| Organizational Issues | |
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| Societal Issues | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Types of Warning Systems | |
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| Sirens | |
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| The Emergency Alert System (EAS) | |
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| Barriers to Warnings | |
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| Case Study: Evacuating the Area during a Nuclear Disaster | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Response | |
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| Case Study: Response to Hurricane Katrina | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Operational Problems and Technology: Making Technology Work for You | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Examining Barriers in Implementing Technology in Emergency Management | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Creating Successful Emergency Management Organizations | |
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| The Contingency Approach | |
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| Managing an Organization | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Using Technology to Overcome Organizational Boundaries | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Pitfalls of Technology | |
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| Reliance on Technology | |
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| Obsolescence | |
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| Information Overload | |
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| Data Integration | |
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| Real-Time Response Data | |
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| Security | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Managing Technology | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Trends in Technology: New Tools for the Challenges of Emergency Management | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Using Technology for Information Exchange | |
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| Emergency Preparedness Information Exchange (EPIX) | |
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| Television and Internet Information | |
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| Digital Libraries and Publications | |
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| Distance Learning | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Using Remote Technology: Modeling, Mapping and Decision Support Systems at a Distance | |
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| Wildfire and Earthquake Situational Maps: Using a National and International Approach | |
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| Applying Technology in Hurricane Katrina: A Case Example | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Managing the Technology | |
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| Self-Check | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary Questions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Applying This Chapter | |
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| You Try It | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |