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Preface | |
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Introduction | |
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Overview | |
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Historical Background | |
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FRP Reinforcements for New Concrete Structural Members | |
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FRP Bars or Grids for Reinforced Concrete Members | |
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FRP Tendons for Prestressed Concrete Members | |
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Stay-in-Place FRP Formwork for Reinforced Concrete Members | |
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FRP Strengthening of Existing Structural Members | |
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FRP Profiles for New Structures | |
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Other Emerging Applications of Interest to Structural Engineers | |
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Properties of FRP Products for Structural Engineering Design | |
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Published Design Guides, Codes, and Specifications for FRP Composites in Structural Engineering | |
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FRP Reinforcing Bars and Tendons | |
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FRP Strengthening Systems | |
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FRP Pultruded Profiles | |
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Manufacturers' Design Manuals | |
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Key Conferences Series | |
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Archival Journals | |
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Materials and Manufacturing | |
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Overview | |
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Raw Materials | |
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Reinforcing Fibers | |
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Polymer Resins | |
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Manufacturing Methods | |
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Pultrusion | |
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Hand Layup | |
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Other Manufacturing Processes | |
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Properties of FRP Composites | |
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Overview | |
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Theoretical Determination of Properties | |
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Fiber Level | |
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Lamina Level | |
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Laminate Level | |
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Full-Section Level | |
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Experimental Determination of Properties | |
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Fiber Level | |
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Lamina Level | |
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Laminate Level | |
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Full-Section Level | |
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Relevant Standard Test Methods for FRP Composites for Structural Engineers | |
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American Society of Testing and Materials Test Methods | |
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Full-Section Test Methods for FRP Bars and Laminates | |
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Design Basis for FRP Reinforcements | |
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Overview | |
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Introduction | |
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Properties of FRP Reinforcing Bars | |
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Design Basis for FRP-Reinforced Concrete | |
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Resistance Factors | |
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Minimum Reinforcement Requirements | |
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Determination of Guaranteed Properties of FRP Rebars | |
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Design for Environmental Effects on FRP Rebars | |
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Special Considerations Regarding FRP Rebars | |
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Design for Serviceability | |
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Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcement in Slabs | |
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FRP Flexural Reinforcement | |
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Overview | |
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Introduction | |
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Flexural Strength of an FRP-Reinforced Section | |
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Overreinforced Section | |
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Underreinforced Section | |
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Minimum Flexural Reinforcement | |
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Design Procedure for an FRP-Reinforced Flexural Member | |
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Design of FRP-Reinforced Bridge Deck Slabs | |
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Serviceability Design of FRP-Reinforced Beams | |
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Deflections Under Service Loads | |
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Flexural Cracking | |
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Creep and Fatigue at Service Loads | |
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Design Procedure for Serviceability | |
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FRP Shear Reinforcement | |
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Overview | |
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Introduction | |
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Shear Design of an FRP-Reinforced Concrete Section | |
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Concrete Contribution to Shear Capacity | |
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Shear Capacity of FRP Stirrups | |
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Punching Shear Capacity in Slabs | |
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Limits on Shear Reinforcement and Shear Strengths for Shear Design | |
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Design Procedure for FRP Shear Reinforcement | |
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FRP Reinforcement Detailing | |
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Overview | |
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Introduction | |
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Geometric Details | |
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Calculation of Bar Spacing | |
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Bond Strength of FRP Bars | |
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Development of Straight FRP Bars | |
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Development of Hooked FRP Bars | |
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Lap Splices for FRP Bars | |
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Design Procedure to Detail FRP Bars in a Beam | |
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Design Basis for FRP Strengthening | |
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Overview | |
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Introduction | |
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Properties of FRP Strengthening Systems | |
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Design Basis for FRP Strengthening Systems | |
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Resistance Factors | |
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Guaranteed Properties | |
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Environmental Effects | |
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Limits on Strengthening | |
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Limits on Stresses in FRP Strengthening Systems at Service Loads | |
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Compression Strengthening in Flexural Members | |
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Deflections in FRP-Strengthened Structures | |
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FRP Strengthening System Area Calculations | |
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FRP Flexural Strengthening | |
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Overview | |
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Introduction | |
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Flexural Capacity of an FRP-Strengthened Member | |
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Stress in the FRP Strengthening System | |
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Strain in the Internal Reinforcing Steel | |
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Neutral-Axis Depth | |
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Existing Substrate Strain | |
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Determination of Failure Modes and Flexural Capacity | |
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Mode 1a: Concrete Crushing After Steel Yields | |
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Mode 1b: Concrete Crushing Before Steel Yields | |
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Mode 2a: FRP Failure After Steel Yields | |
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Mode 2b: FRP Failure Before Steel Yields | |
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Balanced Condition | |
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Detailing for Flexural Strengthening | |
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Design Procedure for a Flexurally Strengthened Concrete Member | |
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Serviceability of FRP-Strengthened Flexural Members | |
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Cracked FRP Strengthened Section | |
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Service-Level Stress in the Internal Steel Reinforcing Bars | |
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Service-Level Stress in the FRP Strengthening System | |
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Load-Deflection Response of FRP-Strengthened Flexural Members | |
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FRP Shear Strengthening | |
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Overview | |
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Introduction | |
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Shear Capacity of an FRP-Strengthened Member | |
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Effective Strain in the FRP for Shear Strengthening | |
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Design Procedure for Shear Strengthening | |
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Shear Strengthening of Fully Wrapped Axially Loaded Columns | |
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FRP Confining | |
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Overview | |
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Introduction | |
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FRP Confining for Axial Strengthening | |
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Serviceability for FRP-Strengthened Axial Members | |
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Design Procedure for FRP Axial Strengthening of RC Circular Columns | |
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FRP-Strengthened Eccentrically Loaded Columns | |
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FRP Confining for Increased Ductility | |
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Lateral Displacement Ductility | |
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Flexural Hinge Confinement | |
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Design Procedure for Flexural Hinge Confinement | |
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Lap Splice Region Confinement | |
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Plastic Shear Overstrength Demand | |
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Design Basis for FRP Profiles | |
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Overview | |
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Introduction | |
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Properties of Pultruded Profiles | |
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Design Basis for FRP Pultruded Structures | |
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Allowable Stress Design | |
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Load and Resistance Factor Design | |
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Performance-Based Design | |
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Pultruded Flexural Members | |
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Overview | |
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Introduction | |
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Stresses in Flexural Members | |
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Deformations in Flexural Members | |
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Determination of Deflections and Stresses for Serviceability and Ultimate Limit States | |
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Serviceability Limits States | |
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Deformation Limit State: Transverse Deflection | |
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Long-Term Deflection in Pultruded Beams | |
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Ultimate Limit States | |
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Lateral-Torsional Buckling | |
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Local Buckling of Walls Due to In-Plane Compression | |
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Local Buckling of Walls Due to In-Plane Shear | |
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Web Crushing and Web Buckling in the Transverse Direction | |
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Additional Factors Affecting Local Buckling in Pultruded Profiles | |
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Flange and Web Longitudinal Material Failure | |
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Flange and Web Material Shear Failure | |
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Design Procedure for Flexural Members | |
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Pultruded Axial Members | |
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Overview | |
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Introduction | |
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Concentrically Loaded Compression Members | |
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Deformations in Concentrically Loaded Compression Members | |
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Determination of Deflections and Stresses for Serviceability and Ultimate Limit States | |
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Serviceability Limit States: Axial Shortening | |
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Ultimate Limit States | |
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Global Flexural Buckling | |
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Global Torsional Buckling | |
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Local Buckling Due to Axial Loads | |
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Interaction Between Local and Global Buckling Modes in Intermediate-Length Compression Members | |
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Flange and Web Longitudinal Material Failure | |
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Design Procedure for Concentrically Loaded Compression Members | |
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Concentrically Loaded Tension Members | |
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Deformations in Concentrically Loaded Tension Members | |
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Determination of Deflections and Stresses for Serviceability and Ultimate Limit States: Axial Elongation | |
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Ultimate Limit States | |
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Longitudinal Material Failure on the Gross Area | |
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Longitudinal Material Failure on the Net Area | |
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Design Procedure for Concentrically Loaded Tension Members | |
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Combined Load Members | |
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Members Subjected to Combined Flexure and Compression (Beam-Columns) | |
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Members Subjected to Combined Flexure and Tension | |
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Pultruded Connections | |
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Overview | |
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Introduction | |
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Conventional Pultruded Connections | |
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Custom Pultruded Connections | |
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Mechanical Fasteners and Connection Parts | |
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FRP Nuts and Bolts | |
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Research on Heavy Beam-to-Column Pultruded Connections | |
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Bolted Pultruded Connections | |
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Light-Truss Pultruded Connections | |
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Lap Joint Connections | |
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Heavy-Frame Pultruded Connections | |
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Design of Bolted Pultruded Connections | |
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Determination of Stresses in In-Plane Lap Joints | |
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Bearing Stress in the Base Pultruded Material | |
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Net-Tension Stress in the Base Pultruded Material | |
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Shear-Out Stress in the Base Pultruded Material | |
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Shear Stress on a Bolt | |
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Stresses in Out-of-Plane Shear Connections | |
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Longitudinal Shear Stress at the Heel of an Angle | |
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Flexural Stress in the Leg of an Angle Bolted to a Column Member | |
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Transverse Tensile Stress in a Web-Flange Junction of a Column | |
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Block Shear in a Beam Web | |
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Flexural and Shear Stresses in Flexible Seated Connections | |
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Critical Connection Limit States | |
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Design Procedure for a Pultruded Connection | |
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References | |
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Index | |