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| Introduction | |
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| Models of Speech Production and Hearing | |
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| Organs of Speech Production | |
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| Characteristics of Speech Signals | |
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| Model of Speech Production | |
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| Anatomy of Hearing | |
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| Performance of the Auditory Organs | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Spectral Transformations | |
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| Fourier Transform of Continuous Signals | |
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| Fourier Transform of Discrete Signals | |
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| Linear Shift Invariant Systems | |
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| Thez-Transform | |
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| The Discrete Fourier Transform | |
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| Fast Convolution | |
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| Cepstral Analysis | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Filter Banks for Spectral Analysis and Synthesis | |
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| Spectral Analysis Using Narrow-Band Filters | |
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| Polyphase Network Filter Banks | |
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| QuadratureMirror Filter Banks | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Stochastic Signals and Estimation | |
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| Basic Concepts | |
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| Expectations andMoments | |
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| Bivariate Statistics | |
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| Probability and Information | |
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| Multivariate Statistics | |
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| Stochastic Processes | |
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| Estimation of Statistical Quantities by Time Averages | |
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| Power Spectral Densities | |
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| Estimation of the Power Spectral Density | |
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| Statistical Properties of Speech Signals | |
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| Statistical Properties of DFT Coe.cients | |
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| Optimal Estimation | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Linear Prediction | |
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| Vocal TractModels and Short-TermPrediction | |
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| Optimal Prediction Coe.cients for Stationary Signals | |
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| Predictor Adaptation | |
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| Long-TermPrediction | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Quantization | |
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| Analog Samples and Digital Presentation | |
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| Uniform Quantization | |
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| Non-uniformQuantization | |
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| OptimalQuantization | |
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| Adaptive Quantization | |
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| Vector Quantization | |
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| Principle | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Speech Coding | |
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| Classi.cation of Speech Coding Algorithms | |
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| Model-Based Predictive Coding | |
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| Di.erentialWaveform Coding | |
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| Parametric Coding | |
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| Hybrid Coding | |
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| Adaptive Post.ltering | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Error Concealment and Softbit Decoding | |
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| Hardbit Source Decoding | |
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| Conventional Error Concealment | |
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| Softbits and L-Values | |
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| Softbit Source Decoding (SD) | |
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| Application toModel Parameters | |
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| Further Improvements | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Bandwidth Extension of Speech Signals (BWE) | |
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| Narrowband versusWideband Telephony | |
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| Speech Coding with Integrated BWE | |
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| BWE without Auxiliary Transmission | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Single and Dual Channel Noise Reduction | |
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| Introduction | |
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| LinearMMSE Estimators | |
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| Speech Enhancement in the DFT Domain | |
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| Optimal Non-Linear Estimators | |
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| Joint Optimum Detection and Estimation of Speech | |
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| Computation of Likelihood Ratios | |
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| Estimation of theA Priory Probability of Speech Presence | |
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| VAD and Noise Estimation Techniques | |
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| Dual-Channel Noise Reduction | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Multi-Channel Noise Reduction | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Spatial Sampling of Sound Fields | |
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| Beamforming | |
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| PerformanceMeasures and Spatial Aliasing | |
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| Design of Fixed Beamformers | |
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| Adaptive Beamformers | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Acoustic Echo Control | |
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| The Echo Control Problem | |
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| Evaluation Criteria | |
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| TheWiener Solution | |
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| The LMS and NLMS Algorithm | |
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| Convergence Analysis and Control of the LMS Algorithm | |
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| Geometric Projection Interpretation of the NLMS Algorithm | |
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| The A.ne Projection Algorithm | |
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| Least-Squares and Recursive Least-Squares Algorithms | |
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| Block Processing and Frequency-Domain Adaptive Filters | |
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| Block LMS Algorithm | |
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| Additional Measures for Echo Control | |
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| Stereophonic Acoustic Echo Control | |
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| A Codec Standards | |
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| B Speech Quality Assessment | |
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| Bib | |