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Cognitive Psychology

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ISBN-10: 0471458201

ISBN-13: 9780471458203

Edition: 4th 2005 (Revised)

Authors: Brian H. Ross, Arthur B. Markman, Douglas Medin, Douglas Medin

List price: $186.95
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Description:

This coherent overview of cognitive psychology is organized in terms of themes that cut across topic areas. Written by well-known researchers, the book is completely current in describing ongoing controversies in research; it provides summaries of key experiments that distinguish between them; and it encourages the reader to think critically about current research and theories. The focus on the importance of physical and computational constraints on cognition is preserved throughout the book.
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Book details

List price: $186.95
Edition: 4th
Copyright year: 2005
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
Publication date: 4/9/2004
Binding: Hardcover
Pages: 576
Size: 7.50" wide x 9.25" long x 1.00" tall
Weight: 2.552
Language: English

Overview
Possibilities, Information, and Approaches to the Study of the Mind
Introduction
Domain of Cognitive Psychology
Intuition
Puzzles
Possibilities
A Framework
A Closer Look
Themes and Implications
Experience and Experimentation
Empiricism
Scientific Observation
Experimentation
The Challenge of Cognitive Psychology
Summary
Roots of Cognitive Psychology
Introspectionism
Behaviorism
Critique of Behaviorism
Summary
Cognitive Psychology
Summary
The Emergence of Cognitive Science
Summary
Cognitive Neuroscience Techniques
Event-Related Potentials
Positron Emission Tomography
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Summary
Levels and Types of Explanations
Summary
Ecological Validity
Summary
Acquiring Information
Learning
Introduction
The Challenge of Learning
The Biological Backdrop of Learning
Fixed-Action Patterns and Releasers
Critical Periods and Imprinting
Constraints on Learning
Summary
Basic Learning
Habituation
Classical Conditioning
Summary
Trial-and-Error Learning or Instrumental Learning
Paired-Associate Learning
Implications
The Learning-Performance Distinction
Contingency Learning and Illusory Correlation
Contingency Learning and Casual Learning
Summary
Content and Meaningful Learning
Perception
The Problem of Perception
Visual Perception
Low-Level Vision
Localization
Summary
High-Level Vision
Feature Detection Theories
Structural Theories
Template Matching and Alignment
Face Recognition and Visual Subsystems
Summary
Levels and the Integration of Information in Perceptual Context Effects
The Word Superiority Effect
Summary
Attention
Introduction
What Is Attention For?
Why Are There Limits?
Five Functions of Attention
Perceptual Attention
Sensory Stores
Selecting Channels
Perceptual Enhancement
Location of Attentional Limits
Bottleneck Theories
Late Selection
Capacity Theories
Summary
Binding
Attention in Complex Tasks
Capacity and Automaticity
Central Executive Functions and Action
Attention and Action Selection
Memory
Memory: Remembering New Information
Introduction
Uses of Memory
Centrality of Memory
Processes of Memory
Short-Term Memory
Introduction
Characteristics of Short-Term Memory
Working Memory
Summary
Long-Term Memory
Introduction
Encoding
Retrieval
Encoding-Retrieval Interactions
Forgetting
Summary
Memory Systems and Knowledge
Introduction
Semantic Knowledge
Characteristics of Semantic Memory
The Hierarchical Model
Evaluation of the Hierarchical Model
Episodic Memory
Are Episodic and Semantic Memory Distinct Memory Systems?
Amnesia, Episodic, and Semantic Memory
Procedural and Declarative Memory
Implicit and Explicit Memory
Implicit and Explicit Memory with Normal-Memory Adults
Evaluation of the Implicit-Explicit Distinction
Two Models of Memory
Introduction
The ACT Theory
A Parallel Distributed Processing Model of Memory
Summary
Remembering New Information: Beyond Basic Effects
Introduction
Schemas: Understanding and Remembering Complex Situations
Introduction and Motivation
Understanding
Schemas
Scripts
Schema Activation
Problems with Schemas
Summary
Reconstructive Memory
Encoding-Retrieval Interactions Revisited
Schemas and Stereotypes
Summary
Memory in the World
Introduction
Eyewitness Testimony
Flashbulb Memories
Recovered Memories
Summary
Knowing Your Memory
Introduction
Strategies and Knowledge
Metamemory
Summary
Spatial Knowledge, Imagery, and Visual Memory
Introduction
Representations
Relations Between Representations and Referents
Analog Representations
Summary
Spatial Knowledge
Maps and Navigation
Hierarchical Representations of Space
The Brain and Spatial Cognition
Summary
Imagery
Evidence for Use of Visual Imagery
Representation of Images
Summary
Visual Memory
Remembering Details
Memory for Pictures
The Picture-Superiority Effect
Memory for Faces
Summary
Language and Understanding
Language
Introduction
Language and Communication
Principles of Communication
The Given-New Strategy
Presupposition and Assertion
Conversational Maxims
Summary
The Productivity of Human Language
Productivity and Novelty
Ambiguity
Phonology
Phonological Rules
Speech Perception
Summary
Syntax
The Need for Structure
Structure
Phrase Structure
The Psychological Reality of Syntax
Summary
Understanding Language
Heuristics and Strategies
Minimal Attachment
Text Comprehension
Concepts and Categories: Representation and Use
Introduction
Why Categorize?
Computational Complexity
Functions of Concepts
Summary
Concepts and Misconceptions
Summary
Structure of Natural Object Concepts
The Classical View
The Probabilistic View
Summary
Between-Category Structure
Summary
Does Similarity Explain Categorization?
Summary
Concepts as Organized by Theories
Putting Similarity in Its Place
Do Different Principles Apply for Different Kinds of Concepts?
Summary
Use of Categories in Reasoning
Goals and Ad Hoc Categories
Conceptual Combination
Categories and Induction
Thinking
Reasoning
Introduction
Logic and Reasoning
Validity and Truth
Deductive Versus Inductive Reasoning
Summary
The Psychology of Deduction
Conditional Reasoning
Conditional Reasoning in Hypothesis Testing: The Selection Task
Summary
The Psychology of Inductive Reasoning
Probabilistic Reasoning
Test Quality: A Case Study of Base Rates
Base Rate Neglect
Confusing Conditional Probabilities
Summary
The Importance of Content
Analogy and Similarity
An Example of Mapping
A Return to Similarity
Summary
Mental Models and Intuitive Theories
Intuitive Theories
Hypothesis Testing and Scientific reasoning
Problem Solving
Introduction
Problems, Problems, Problems
What Is a Problem?
Types of Problems
Methods for Studying Problem Solving
Summary
Problem Solving as Representation and Search
Introduction
The Problem Space Analysis
Problem Solving as Search
Problem Solving as Representation
Summary
Reliance on Specific Relevant Knowledge
Introduction
The Influence of Related Problems
Summary
Expertise and Creativity
Introduction
Expertise
Introduction
Comparing Experts and Novices
Developing Expertise
Adaptive Expertise
Summary
Creativity
Introduction
The Traditional View
Some Recent Views of Creativity
Summary
Judgment and Decision Making
Introduction
Rational and Normative Models
Expected Value Theory
Expected Utility Theory
Limitations of Expected Utility and Alternatives to It
Violations of Expected Utility
Prospect Theory
Regret Theory
Decision Making over Time
Summary
Dealing with Complexity
Strategies for Dealing with Complexity
Adaptive Decision Making
Further Heuristics and Biases
Availability Heuristic
Representativeness Heuristic
Anchoring and Adjustment
Causal Schemas
Hindsight Bias
Overconfidence
Relativity of Judgment and Use of Norms
Summary
Are There Kinds of Decisions?
Mental Accounting
Glossary
References
Credits
Author Index
Subject Index
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