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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Fusion Welding Processes | |
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| Overview | |
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| Oxyacetylene Welding | |
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| Shielded Metal Arc Welding | |
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| Gas-Tungsten Arc Welding | |
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| Plasma Arc Welding | |
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| Gas-Metal Arc Welding | |
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| Flux-Core Arc Welding | |
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| Submerged Arc Welding | |
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| Electroslag Welding | |
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| Electron Beam Welding | |
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| Laser Beam Welding | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Heat Flow in Welding | |
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| Heat Source | |
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| Analysis of Heat Flow in Welding | |
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| Effect of Welding Parameters | |
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| Weld Thermal Simulator | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Chemical Reactions in Welding | |
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| Overview | |
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| Gas-Metal Reactions | |
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| Slag-Metal Reactions | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Fluid Flow and Metal Evaporation in Welding | |
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| Fluid Flow in Arcs | |
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| Fluid Flow in Weld Pools | |
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| Metal Evaporation | |
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| Active Flux GTAW | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Residual Stresses, Distortion, and Fatigue | |
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| Residual Stresses | |
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| Distortion | |
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| Fatigue | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| The Fusion Zone | |
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| Basic Solidification Concepts | |
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| Solute Redistribution during Solidification | |
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| Solidification Modes and Constitutional Supercooling | |
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| Microsegregation and Banding | |
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| Effect of Cooling Rate | |
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| Solidification Path | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Weld Metal Solidification I: Grain Structure | |
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| Epitaxial Growth at Fusion Boundary | |
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| Nonepitaxial Growth at Fusion Boundary | |
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| Competitive Growth in Bulk Fusion Zone | |
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| Effect of Welding Parameters on Grain Structure | |
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| Weld Metal Nucleation Mechanisms | |
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| Grain Structure Control | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Weld Metal Solidification II: Microstructure within Grains | |
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| Solidification Modes | |
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| Dendrite and Cell Spacing | |
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| Effect of Welding Parameters | |
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| Refining Microstructure within Grains | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Post-Solidification Phase Transformations | |
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| Ferrite-to-Austenite Transformation in Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds | |
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| Austenite-to-Ferrite Transformation in Low-Carbon, Low-Alloy Steel Welds | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Weld Metal Chemical Inhomogeneities | |
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| Microsegregation | |
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| Banding | |
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| Inclusions and Gas Porosity | |
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| Inhomogeneities Near Fusion Boundary | |
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| Macrosegregation in Bulk Weld Metal | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Weld Metal Solidification Cracking | |
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| Characteristics, Cause, and Testing | |
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| Metallurgical Factors | |
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| Mechanical Factors | |
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| Reducing Solidification Cracking | |
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| Case Study: Failure of a Large Exhaust Fan | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| The Partially Melted Zone | |
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| Formation of the Partially Melted Zone | |
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| Evidence of Liquation | |
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| Liquation Mechanisms | |
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| Directional Solidification of Liquated Material | |
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| Grain Boundary Segregation | |
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| Grain Boundary Solidification Modes | |
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| Partially Melted Zone in Cast Irons | |
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| References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Difficulties Associated with the Partially Melted Zone | |
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| Liquation Cracking | |
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| Loss of Strength and Ductility | |
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| Hydrogen Cracking | |
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| Remedies | |
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| References | |
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| Problems | |
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| The Heat-Affected Zone | |
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| Work-Hardened Materials | |
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| Background | |
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| Recrystallization and Grain Growth in Welding | |
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| Effect of Welding Parameters and Process | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Precipitation-Hardening Materials I: Aluminum Alloys | |
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| Background | |
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| Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Mg-Si Alloys | |
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| Al-Zn-Mg Alloys | |
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| Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloys | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Precipitation-Hardening Materials II: Nickel-Base Alloys | |
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| Background | |
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| Reversion of Precipitate and Loss of Strength | |
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| Postweld Heat Treatment Cracking | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Transformation-Hardening Materials: Carbon and Alloy Steels | |
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| Phase Diagram and CCT Diagrams | |
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| Carbon Steels | |
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| Low-Alloy Steels | |
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| Hydrogen Cracking | |
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| Reheat Cracking | |
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| Lamellar Tearing | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Corrosion-Resistant Materials: Stainless Steels | |
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| Classification of Stainless Steels | |
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| Austenitic Stainless Steels | |
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| Ferritic Stainless Steels | |
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| Martensitic Stainless Steels | |
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| Case Study: Failure of a Pipe | |
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| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Index | |