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Preface | |
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Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines | |
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Introduction | |
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Engine Cycles | |
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Operational Parameters | |
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Engine Configurations | |
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Engine Examples | |
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Alternative Power Plants | |
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Sources of Additional Information | |
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References | |
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Homework | |
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Gas Cycles | |
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Introduction | |
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Constant Volume Heat Addition | |
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Constant Pressure Heat Addition | |
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Dual Cycle | |
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Miller Cycle | |
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Finite Heat Release | |
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Ideal Four-Stroke Process and Residual Fraction | |
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Discussion of Gas Cycle Models | |
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References | |
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Homework | |
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Fuel, Air, and Combustion Thermodynamics | |
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Introduction | |
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Ideal Gas Equations of State | |
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Liquids and Liquid-Vapor-Gas Mixtures | |
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Stoichiometry and Low Temperature Combustion Modeling | |
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General Chemical Equilibrium | |
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Chemical Equilibrium Using Equilibrium Constants | |
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Combustion and the First Law | |
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Isentropic Processes | |
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References | |
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Homework | |
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Fuel-Air Cycles | |
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Introduction | |
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Comparison of First and Second Law Efficiency | |
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Otto Cycle | |
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Four-Stroke Otto Cycle | |
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Fuel-Injected Limited-Pressure Cycle | |
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Comparison of Fuel-Air Cycle with Actual Spark Ignition Cycles | |
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Comparison of Fuel-Air Cycle with Actual Compression Ignition Cycles | |
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References | |
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Homework | |
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Engine Testing and Control | |
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Introduction | |
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Dynamometers | |
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Fuel and Air Flow Measurement | |
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Exhaust Gas Analysis | |
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Residual Fraction | |
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Pressure-Volume Measurement and Combustion Analysis | |
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Vehicle Emissions Testing | |
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Engine Sensors and Actuators in Vehicles | |
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Engine Control Systems | |
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Effect of Ambient Pressure and Temperature | |
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References | |
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Homework | |
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Friction | |
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Introduction | |
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Friction Mean Effective Pressure | |
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Measurements of the Friction Mean Effective Pressure | |
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Friction Coefficient | |
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Journal Bearings | |
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Piston and Ring Friction | |
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Valve Train Friction | |
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Pumping Mean Effective Pressure | |
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Accessory Friction | |
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Overall Engine Friction Mean Effective Pressure | |
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References | |
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Homework | |
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Air, Fuel, and Exhaust Flow | |
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Introduction | |
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Valve Flow | |
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Intake and Exhaust Flow | |
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Fluid Flow in the Cylinder | |
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Turbulent Flow | |
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Air Flow in Two-Stroke Engines | |
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Superchargers and Turbochargers | |
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Fuel Injectors | |
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Carburetion | |
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References | |
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Homework | |
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Heat and Mass Transfer | |
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Introduction | |
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Engine Cooling Systems | |
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Engine Energy Balance | |
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Cylinder Heat Transfer Measurements | |
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Heat Transfer Modeling | |
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Heat Transfer Correlations | |
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Radiation Heat Transfer | |
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Mass Loss or Blowby | |
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References | |
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Homework | |
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Combustion and Emissions | |
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Introduction | |
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Combustion in Spark Ignition Engines | |
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Abnormal Combustion (Knock) in Spark Ignition Engines | |
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Combustion in Compression Ignition Engines | |
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Thermodynamic Analysis | |
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Nitrogen Oxides | |
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Carbon Monoxide | |
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Hydrocarbons | |
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Particulates | |
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Emission Control | |
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References | |
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Homework | |
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Fuels and Lubricants | |
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Introduction | |
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Hydrocarbon Chemistry | |
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Refining | |
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Gasoline Fuels | |
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Diesel Fuels | |
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Alternative Fuels | |
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Engine Oils | |
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References | |
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Homework | |
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Overall Engine Performance | |
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Introduction | |
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Engine Size | |
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Ignition and Injection Timing | |
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Engine and Piston Speed | |
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Compression Ratio | |
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Part-Load Performance | |
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Engine Performance Maps | |
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Vehicle Performance Simulation | |
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References | |
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Homework | |
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Appendices | |
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Physical Properties of Air | |
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Thermodynamic Property Tables for Various Ideal Gases | |
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Curve Fit Coefficients for Thermodynamic Properties of Various Ideal Gases and Fuels | |
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Conversion Factors and Physical Constants | |
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Index | |