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| Notation and Constants | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Basic Optical Calculations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Wave Propagation | |
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| Calculating Wave Propagation in Real Life | |
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| Detection | |
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| Coherent Detection | |
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| Interferometers | |
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| Photon Budgets and Operating Specifications | |
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| Postprocessing Strategy | |
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| Sources and Illuminators | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Spectrum | |
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| Radiometry | |
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| Continuum Sources | |
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| Interlude: Coherence | |
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| More Sources | |
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| Incoherent Line Sources: Low-Pressure Discharges | |
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| Using Low-Coherence Sources: Condensers | |
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| Lasers | |
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| Gas Lasers | |
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| Solid-State Lasers | |
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| Diode Lasers | |
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| Laser Noise | |
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| Diode Laser Coherence Control | |
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| Optical Detection | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Signal-to-Noise Ratios | |
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| Detector Figures of Merit | |
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| Quantum Detectors | |
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| Thermal Detectors | |
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| Image Intensifiers | |
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| Silicon Array Sensors | |
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| How Do I Know Which Noise Source Dominates? | |
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| Hacks | |
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| Lenses, Prisms, and Mirrors | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Optical Materials | |
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| Light Transmission | |
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| Surface Quality | |
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| Windows | |
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| Pathologies of Optical Elements | |
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| Fringes | |
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| Mirrors | |
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| Glass Prisms | |
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| Prism Pathologies | |
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| Lenses | |
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| Complex Lenses | |
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| Other Lenslike Devices | |
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| Coatings, Filters, and Surface Finishes | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Metal Mirrors | |
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| Transmissive Optical Coatings | |
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| Simple Coating Theory | |
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| Absorptive Filters | |
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| Beam Dumps and Baffles | |
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| White Surfaces and Diffusers | |
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| Polarization | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Polarization of Light | |
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| Interaction of Polarization with Materials | |
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| Brewster Polarizers | |
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| Absorption Polarizers | |
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| Birefringent Polarizers | |
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| Double-Refraction Polarizers | |
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| TIR Polarizers | |
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| Retarders | |
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| Polarization Control | |
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| Exotic Optical Components | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Gratings | |
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| Grating Pathologies | |
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| Types of Gratings | |
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| Resolution of Grating Instruments | |
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| Fine Points of Grating | |
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| Holographic Optical Elements | |
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| Retroreflective Materials | |
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| Scanners | |
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| Modulators | |
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| Fiber Optics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Fiber Characteristics | |
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| Fiber Theory | |
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| Fiber Types | |
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| Other Fiber Properties | |
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| Working with Fibers | |
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| Fiber Devices | |
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| Diode Lasers and Fiber Optics | |
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| Fiber-Optic Sensors | |
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| Intensity Sensors | |
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| Spectrally Encoded Sensors | |
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| Polarimetric Sensors | |
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| Fiber Interferometers | |
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| Multiple-Beam Interferometers | |
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| Two-Beam Interferometers | |
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| Phase and Polarization Stabilization | |
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| Multiplexing and Smart Structures | |
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| Optical Systems | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Lenses Actually Do | |
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| Diffraction | |
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| Aberrations | |
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| Representing Aberrations | |
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| Optical Design Advice | |
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| Practical Applications | |
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| Illuminators | |
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| Optical Measurements | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Grass on the Empire State Building | |
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| Detection Issues: When Exactly Is Background Bad? | |
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| Measuring the Right Thing | |
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| Getting More Signal Photons | |
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| Reducing the Background Fluctuations | |
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| Optically Zero Background Measurements | |
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| Electronically Zero Background Measurements | |
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| Labeling Signal Photons | |
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| Designing Electro-Optical Systems | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Do You Really Want to Do This? | |
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| Very Basic Marketing | |
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| Classes of Measurement | |
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| Technical Taste | |
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| Instrument Design | |
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| Guiding Principles | |
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| Design for Alignment | |
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| Turning a Prototype into a Product | |
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| Building Optical Systems | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Building What You Designed | |
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| Assembling Lab Systems | |
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| Alignment and Testing | |
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| Optical Assembly and Alignment Philosophy | |
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| Collimating Beams | |
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| Focusing | |
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| Aligning Beams with Other Beams | |
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| Aligning On-Axis Elements | |
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| Adhesives | |
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| Cleaning | |
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| Electronic Signal Processing | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Analog Signal Processing Theory | |
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| Modulation and Demodulation | |
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| Amplifiers | |
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| Departures from Linearity | |
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| Noise and Interference | |
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| Frequency Conversion | |
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| Filtering | |
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| Signal Detection | |
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| Reducing Interference and Noise | |
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| Data Acquisition and Control | |
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| Resources and Information | |
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| Electronic Building Blocks | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Resistors | |
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| Capacitors | |
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| Transmission Lines | |
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| Transmission-Line Devices | |
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| Diodes and Transistors | |
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| Signal Processing Components | |
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| Digitizers | |
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| Electronic Subsystem Design | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Design Approaches | |
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| Perfection | |
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| Feedback Loops | |
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| Signal Detectors | |
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| Calibration | |
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| Filters | |
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| Other Stuff | |
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| More-Advanced Feedback Techniques | |
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| Hints | |
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| Linearizing | |
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| Digital Control and Communication | |
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| Bulletproofing | |
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| Electronic Construction Techniques | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Circuit Strays | |
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| Ground Plane Construction | |
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| Technical Noise and Interference | |
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| Product Construction | |
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| Getting Ready | |
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| Prototyping | |
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| Surface Mount Prototypes | |
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| Prototyping Filters | |
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| Tuning: You Can't Optimize What You Can't See | |
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| Digital Postprocessing | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Elementary Postprocessing | |
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| Fourier Domain Techniques | |
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| Power Spectrum Estimation | |
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| Digital Filtering | |
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| Deconvolution | |
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| Resampling | |
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| Fixing Space-Variant Instrument Functions | |
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| Finite Precision Effects | |
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| Pulling Data Out of Noise | |
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| Phase Recovery Techniques | |
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| Front Ends | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Photodiode Front Ends | |
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| Key Idea: Reducing the Swing Across C[subscript d] | |
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| Transimpedance Amplifiers | |
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| Advanced Photodiode Front Ends | |
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| Other Types of Front End | |
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| Hints | |
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| Bringing Up the System | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Avoiding Catastrophe | |
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| Debugging and Troubleshooting | |
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| Getting Ready | |
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| Indispensable Equipment | |
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| Digital Troubleshooting | |
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| Analog Electronic Troubleshooting | |
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| Troubleshooting Oscillations | |
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| Other Common Problems | |
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| Debugging and Troubleshooting Optical Subsystems | |
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| Localizing the Problem | |
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| Index | |