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| Preface | |
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| Preface to the First Edition | |
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| Fundamental Quality Improvement and Statistical Concepts | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Quality and Productivity | |
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| Quality Costs (or Does It?) | |
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| The Need for Statistical Methods | |
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| Early Use of Statistical Methods for Improving Quality | |
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| Influential Quality Experts | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Basic Tools for Improving Quality | |
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| Histogram | |
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| Pareto Charts | |
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| Scatter Plots | |
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| Control Chart | |
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| Check Sheet | |
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| Cause-and-Effect Diagram | |
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| Defect Concentration Diagram | |
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| The Seven New Tools | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Basic Concepts in Statistics and Probability | |
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| Probability | |
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| Sample Versus Population | |
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| Location | |
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| Variation | |
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| Discrete Distributions | |
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| Continuous Distributions | |
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| Choice of Statistical Distribution | |
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| Statistical Inference | |
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| Enumerative Studies versus Analytic Studies | |
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| References | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Control Charts and Process Capability | |
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| Control Charts for Measurements with Subgrouping (for One Variable) | |
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| Basic Control Chart Principles | |
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| Real-Time Control Charting Versus Analysis of Past Data | |
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| Control Charts: When to Use, Where to Use, How Many to Use | |
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| Benefits from the Use of Control Charts | |
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| Rational Subgroups | |
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| Basic Statistical Aspects of Control Charts | |
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| Illustrative Example | |
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| Illustrative Example with Real Data | |
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| Determining the Time of a Parameter Change | |
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| Acceptance Sampling and Acceptance Control Chart | |
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| Modified Limits | |
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| Difference Control Charts | |
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| Other Charts | |
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| Average Run Length | |
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| Determining the Subgroup Size | |
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| Out-of-Control Action Plans | |
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| Assumptions for the Charts in This Chapter | |
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| Measurement Error | |
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| Summary | |
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| Appendix | |
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| References | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Control Charts for Measurements without Subgrouping (for One Variable) | |
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| Individual Observations Chart | |
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| Moving Average Chart | |
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| Controlling Variability with Individual Observations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Appendix | |
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| References | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Control Charts for Attributes | |
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| Charts for Nonconforming Units | |
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| Charts for Nonconformities | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Process Capability | |
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| Data Acquisition for Capability Indices | |
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| Process Capability Indices | |
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| Estimating the Parameters in Process Capability Indices | |
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| Distributional Assumption for Capability Indices | |
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| Confidence Intervals for Process Capability Indices | |
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| Asymmetric Bilateral Tolerances | |
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| Capability Indices That Are a Function of Percent Nonconforming | |
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| Modified k Index | |
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| Other Approaches | |
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| Process Capability Plots | |
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| Process Capability Indices Versus Process Performance Indices | |
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| Process Capability Indices with Autocorrelated Data | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Alternatives to Shewhart Charts | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Cumulative Sum Procedures: Principles and Historical Development | |
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| CUSUM Procedures for Controlling Process Variability | |
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| CUSUM Procedures for Nonconforming Units | |
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| CUSUM Procedures for Nonconformity Data | |
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| Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Charts | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Multivariate Control Charts for Measurement Data | |
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| Hotelling's T[superscript 2] Distribution | |
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| A T[superscript 2] Control Chart | |
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| Multivariate Chart Versus Individual X Charts | |
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| Charts for Detecting Variability and Correlation Shifts | |
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| Charts Constructed Using Individual Observations | |
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| When to Use Each Chart | |
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| Actual Alpha Levels for Multiple Points | |
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| Requisite Assumptions | |
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| Effects of Parameter Estimation on ARLs | |
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| Dimension Reduction Techniques | |
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| Multivariate CUSUM Charts | |
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| Multivariate EWMA Charts | |
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| Applications of Multivariate Charts | |
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| Multivariate Process Capability Indices | |
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| Summary | |
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| Appendix | |
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| References | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Miscellaneous Control Chart Topics | |
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| Pre-Control | |
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| Short-Run SPC | |
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| Charts for Autocorrelated Data | |
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| Charts for Batch Processes | |
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| Charts for Multiple-Stream Processes | |
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| Nonparametric Control Charts | |
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| Bayesian Control Chart Methods | |
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| Control Charts for Variance Components | |
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| Neural Networks | |
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| Economic Design of Control Charts | |
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| Charts with Variable Sample Size and/or Variable Sampling Interval | |
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| Users of Control Charts | |
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| Software for Control Charting | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Beyond Control Charts: Graphical and Statistical Methods | |
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| Other Graphical Methods | |
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| Stem-and-Leaf Display | |
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| Dot Diagrams | |
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| Boxplot | |
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| Normal Probability Plot | |
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| Plotting Three Variables | |
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| Displaying More Than Three Variables | |
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| Multi-Vari Chart | |
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| Plots to Aid in Transforming Data | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Linear Regression | |
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| Simple Linear Regression | |
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| Worth of the Prediction Equation | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Checking Assumptions through Residual Plots | |
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| Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests | |
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| Prediction Interval for Y | |
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| Regression Control Chart | |
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| Cause-Selecting Charts | |
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| Inverse Regression | |
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| Multiple Linear Regression | |
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| Issues in Multiple Regression | |
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| Software for Regression | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Design of Experiments | |
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| A Simple Example of Experimental Design Principles | |
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| Principles of Experimental Design | |
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| Statistical Concepts in Experimental Design | |
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| t Tests | |
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| Analysis of Variance for One Factor | |
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| Regression Analysis of Data from Designed Experiments | |
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| ANOVA for Two Factors | |
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| The 2[superscript 3] Design | |
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| Assessment of Effects without a Residual Term | |
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| Residual Plot | |
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| Separate Analyses Using Design Units and Uncoded Units | |
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| Two-Level Designs with More Than Three Factors | |
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| Three-Level Factorial Designs | |
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| Mixed Factorials | |
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| Fractional Factorials | |
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| Other Topics in Experimental Design and Their Applications | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Contributions of Genichi Taguchi and Alternative Approaches | |
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| "Taguchi Methods" | |
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| Quality Engineering | |
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| Loss Functions | |
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| Distribution Not Centered at the Target | |
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| Loss Functions and Specification Limits | |
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| Asymmetric Loss Functions | |
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| Signal-to-Noise Ratios and Alternatives | |
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| Experimental Designs for Stage 1 | |
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| Taguchi Methods of Design | |
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| Determining Optimum Conditions | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Evolutionary Operation | |
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| EVOP Illustrations | |
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| Three Variables | |
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| Simplex EVOP | |
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| Other EVOP Procedures | |
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| Miscellaneous Uses of EVOP | |
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| Summary | |
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| Appendix | |
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| References | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Analysis of Means | |
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| ANOM for One-Way Classifications | |
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| ANOM for Attribute Data | |
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| ANOM When Standards Are Given | |
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| ANOM for Factorial Designs | |
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| ANOM When at Least One Factor Has More Than Two Levels | |
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| Use of ANOM with Other Designs | |
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| Nonparametric ANOM | |
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| Summary | |
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| Appendix | |
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| References | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Using Combinations of Quality Improvement Tools | |
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| Control Charts and Design of Experiments | |
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| Control Charts and Calibration Experiments | |
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| Six Sigma Programs | |
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| Statistical Process Control and Engineering Process Control | |
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| References | |
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| Answers to Selected Exercises | |
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| Statistical Tables | |
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| Author Index | |
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| Subject Index | |