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| Fundamentals | |
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| Overview | |
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| What Is Environmental Engineering Science? | |
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| Domains of Environmental Engineering | |
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| Water quality engineering | |
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| Air quality engineering | |
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| Hazardous waste management | |
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| Context and Concepts | |
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| Concentrations and other units of measure | |
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| Material balance | |
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| Factors governing contaminant concentrations | |
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| Engineering analysis | |
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| Control opportunities | |
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| Environmental regulations | |
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| Precision and accuracy | |
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| Magnitudes: Length scales and characteristic times | |
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| References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Water, Air, and Their Impurities | |
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| Water and the Hydrosphere | |
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| Air and the Atmosphere | |
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| Impurities in Environmental Media | |
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| Gases dissolved in water | |
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| Water in air | |
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| Acids, bases, and the hydrogen ion | |
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| Inorganic impurities | |
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| Organic impurities | |
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| Radionuclides | |
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| Compounds causing odor, taste, or color | |
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| Particulate matter | |
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| Microorganisms | |
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| References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Transformation Processes | |
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| Governing Concepts | |
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| Stoichiometry | |
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| Chemical equilibrium | |
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| Kinetics | |
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| Phase Changes and Partitioning | |
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| Vapor pressure | |
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| Dissolution of species in water | |
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| Sorption | |
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| Acid-Base Reactions | |
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| Acid-base reactions and the hydrogen ion | |
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| pH of pure water | |
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| Strong and weak acids | |
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| Carbonate system | |
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| Oxidation-Reduction Reactions | |
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| Oxidation state | |
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| Corrosion | |
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| Combustion | |
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| Atmospheric oxidation processes | |
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| Microbial reactions | |
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| Reference | |
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| Problems | |
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| Transport Phenomena | |
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| Basic Concepts and Mechanisms | |
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| Contaminant flux | |
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| Advection | |
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| Molecular diffusion | |
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| Dispersion | |
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| Particle Motion | |
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| Drag on particles | |
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| Gravitational settling | |
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| Brownian diffusion | |
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| Mass Transfer at Fluid Boundaries | |
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| Mass-transfer coefficient | |
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| Transport across the air-water interface | |
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| Transport in Porous Media | |
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| Fluid flow through porous media | |
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| Contaminant transport in porous media | |
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| References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Transport and Transformation Models | |
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| Reactor Models | |
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| Batch reactor | |
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| Completely mixed flow reactor (CMFR) | |
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| Plug-flow reactor (PFR) | |
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| Advanced examples | |
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| Beyond Ideal Reactors: General Material-Balance Models | |
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| Governing equation | |
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| Approaches for solving environmental transport problems | |
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| References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Applications | |
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| Water Quality Engineering | |
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| The Nature of Water Quality Problems | |
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| Rivers and streams | |
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| Lakes and reservoirs | |
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| Groundwater | |
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| Oceans and estuaries | |
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| Overview of Water Quality Regulations and Treatment Systems | |
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| Key U.S. federal water regulations | |
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| Engineered water quality systems | |
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| Physical Treatment Methods | |
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| Sedimentation | |
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| Filtration through granular media | |
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| Membrane separation processes | |
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| Chemical and Physicochemical Treatment Methods | |
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| Disinfection | |
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| Coagulation and flocculation | |
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| Sorption of organic molecules | |
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| Chemical precipitation and ion exchange | |
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| Biological Wastewater Treatment | |
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| Activated sludge | |
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| Trickling filters | |
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| Anaerobic digestion of wastewater sludges | |
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| References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Air Quality Engineering | |
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| Nature of Air Pollution Problems | |
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| Criteria pollutants | |
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| Hazardous air pollutants | |
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| Acid deposition | |
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| Photochemical smog | |
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| Indoor air quality | |
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| Global change | |
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| Air Pollutant Emissions and Controls | |
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| Characterizing emissions | |
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| Pollutant generation by combustion | |
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| Motor vehicle emissions | |
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| Treatment Technologies | |
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| Particle control devices | |
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| Absorption for gaseous pollutant control | |
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| Air Quality Models | |
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| Summary of modeling approaches | |
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| Gaussian plume dispersion modeling | |
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| References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Hazardous Waste Management | |
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| Overview | |
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| History and case studies | |
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| Hazardous waste regulatory framework | |
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| Magnitude of the hazardous waste problem | |
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| Sources of hazardous wastes | |
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| Hazardous Waste Minimization | |
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| What is waste minimization? | |
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| Why should we do it? | |
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| Techniques for waste minimization | |
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| Management tools | |
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| Hazardous Waste Treatment Processes | |
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| Physical separation | |
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| Chemical treatment | |
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| Thermal treatment | |
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| Biological treatment | |
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| Hazardous Waste Disposal | |
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| Landfills | |
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| Deep-well injection | |
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| Environmental Releases and Remediation | |
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| Site characterization | |
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| Quantitative risk analysis | |
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| Site remediation | |
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| References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Basic Data for Environmental Engineering Science | |
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| Primer on Ionizing Radiation | |
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| Primer on Environmental Organic Chemicals | |
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| Pure hydrocarbons | |
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| Oxygenated organic compounds | |
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| Organohalides | |
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| Organic compounds containing sulfur or nitrogen | |
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| Problem Solving: Mathematics for Environmental Engineering | |
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| Ordinary differential equations | |
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| First-order linear equation with constant coefficients | |
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| Coupled first-order ordinary differential equations | |
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| Introduction to the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations | |
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| Partial differential equations that arise in transport problems | |
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| Solving equilibrium problems: Roots of nonlinear algebraic equations | |
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| Data manipulation on a logarithmic scale | |
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| Linear regression | |
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| A Further Look at Transformation Processes | |
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| Activity | |
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| Gibbs free energy and equilibrium constants | |
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| Electrode potentials and free-energy change in redox reactions | |
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| Activation energy and the temperature dependence of reaction rates | |
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| United States Federal Regulations for Water and Air Quality | |
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| Index | |