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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Role of Forest Mensuration in Forest Management | |
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| Forest Mensuration as a Tool for Monitoring Forests | |
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| Principles of Measurement | |
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| Scales of Measurement | |
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| Units of Measurement | |
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| Systems of Measurement | |
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| Variables | |
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| Precision, Accuracy, and Bias | |
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| Signi.cant Digits and Rounding O | |
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| Data Summary and Presentation | |
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| Fundamental Measurements | |
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| Basic Statistical Concepts | |
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| Descriptive Statistics | |
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| Frequency Distributions | |
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| Measures of Central Tendency | |
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| Measures of Dispersion | |
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| Sampling Error | |
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| Sample Size Determination | |
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| Estimation of Totals | |
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| Regression and Correlation | |
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| Hypothesis Testing | |
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| Land Area Determination | |
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| Land Distance and Area Units | |
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| Measuring Distances | |
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| Measuring Area in the Field | |
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| Measuring Area Using Maps and Photos | |
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| Determination of Photo Scale | |
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| Determination of Direction Using a Compass | |
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| U.S. Public Land Surveys | |
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| Global Positioning Systems | |
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| Geographic Information Systems | |
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| Individual Tree Parameters | |
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| Age | |
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| Tree Diameters and Areas | |
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| Height | |
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| Form | |
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| Crown Parameters | |
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| Determination of Tree Volume | |
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| Determination of Cubic Volume | |
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| Volume Tables | |
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| Construction of Volume Tables | |
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| Volume Distribution in Trees | |
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| Determination of Tree Weight | |
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| actors In.uencing Wood Weight Estimates | |
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| ree Weight Relationships | |
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| Stand Parameters | |
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| Age | |
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| Species Composition | |
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| Diameter | |
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| Height | |
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| Density and Stocking | |
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| Volume and Weight | |
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| Site Quality | |
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| Measurement of Primary Forest Products | |
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| Units of Measurement | |
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| Log Rules | |
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| Board-Foot Log Rules | |
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| Cubic-Volume Log Rules | |
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| Log Scaling | |
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| Scaling Stacked Volume | |
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| Volume Unit Conversion | |
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| Scaling by Weight | |
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| Nontimber Forest Vegetation Parameters | |
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| Understory Vegetation | |
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| Woody Detritus | |
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| Forest Vegetation for Wildlife Management | |
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| Forest Biomass | |
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| Carbon Content | |
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| Sampling Units for Estimating Parameters | |
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| The Factor Concept | |
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| Fixed-Area Plots | |
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| Sampling Units with Variable Probability | |
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| Distance-Based Sampling Units | |
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| Selecting Appropriate Sampling Units | |
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| Forest Inventory | |
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| Timber Estimation | |
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| Nontimber Estimation | |
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| Inventory Planning | |
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| Forest Inventory Design | |
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| Inventory Fieldwork | |
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| Calculation and Compilation | |
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| Sampling Designs in Forest Inventories | |
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| Basic Considerations | |
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| Simple Random Sampling | |
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| Ratio and Regression Sampling | |
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| Cluster Sampling | |
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| Strati.ed Random Sampling | |
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| Multistage Sampling | |
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| Double Sampling | |
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| Nonrandom Sampling | |
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| Repeated Sampling in Forest Inventory | |
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| Inventory Using Sampling with Varying Probability | |
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| Horizontal Point Sampling | |
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| List Sampling | |
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| 3P Sampling | |
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| Growth of the Tree | |
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| Growth Curves | |
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| Height and Diameter Growth | |
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| Determination of Diameter Growth from Increment Cores | |
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| Stem Analysis | |
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| Areal and Volume Growth | |
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| E.ects of Environmental Factors on Growth | |
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| Growth Percentage | |
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| Stand Growth and Yield | |
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| Elements of Stand Growth | |
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| Growth and Yield Models | |
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| Using Stand Growth and Yield Models | |
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| Assessing Stand Growth and Yield in Forest Inventories | |
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| Appendix | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |