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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Human Remains: Decay, DNA, Tissues and Fluids | |
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| The decay, discovery and recovery of human bodies | |
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| The dead body | |
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| The stages of decomposition | |
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| Factors affecting the speed of decay | |
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| Discovery and recovery of human remains | |
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| Determining the age and provenance of skeletonized remains | |
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| Future developments | |
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| Body fluids and waste products | |
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| Blood Cells and blood typing | |
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| Methods for detecting blood | |
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| Confirming the presence of blood | |
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| Bloodstain pattern analysis | |
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| Artificial blood | |
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| Post mortem toxicological analysis of blood | |
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| Saliva and semen | |
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| Vitreous humor | |
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| Faeces and urine as forensic indicators | |
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| Future directions | |
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| Molecular biology | |
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| The structure of DNA | |
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| DNA sampling | |
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| DNA profiling | |
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| Polymerase chain reaction | |
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| Short tandem repeat markers | |
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| Single nucleotide polymorphism markers | |
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| Determination of ethnicity | |
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| Determination of physical appearance | |
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| Determination of personality traits | |
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| Mobile element insertion polymorphisms | |
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| Mitochondrial DNA | |
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| RNA | |
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| DNA databases | |
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| Future developments | |
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| Human tissues | |
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| The outer body surface | |
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| Hair | |
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| Bones | |
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| Teeth | |
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| Future developments | |
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| Wounds | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Blunt force injuries | |
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| Sharp force traumas | |
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| Bone damage | |
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| Additional aspects of wound interpretation | |
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| Asphyxia | |
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| Pathology associated with drug use | |
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| Gunshot wounds | |
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| Bite marks | |
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| Burns and scalds | |
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| Ageing of wounds | |
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| Post mortem injuries | |
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| Future developments | |
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| Invertebrates and Vertebrates | |
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| Invertebrates 1: biological aspects | |
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| An introduction to invertebrate biology | |
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| Invertebrates as forensic indicators in cases of murder of suspicious death | |
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| Invertebrates as a cause of death | |
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| Invertebrates as forensic indicators in cases of neglect and animal welfare | |
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| The role of invertebrates in food spoilage and hygiene litigation | |
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| The illegal trade in invertebrates | |
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| Invertebrate identification techniques | |
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| Future directions | |
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| Invertebrates 2: practical aspects | |
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| Calculating the PMI/time since infestation from invertebrate development rates | |
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| Complicating factors affecting earliest oviposition date calculations | |
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| Determination of the PMI using invertebrate species composition | |
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| Determination of the PMI using ectoparasites | |
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| Determination of movement from invertebrate evidence | |
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| Invertebrate evidence in cases of wound myiasis and neglect | |
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| Detection of drugs, toxins and other chemicals in invertebrates | |
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| Obtaining human/vertebrate DNA evidence from invertebrates | |
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| Determining the source and duration of invertebrate infestations of food products | |
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| Collecting invertebrates for forensic analysis | |
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| Killing and preserving techniques for invertebrates | |
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| Future directions | |
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| Vertebrates | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Vertebrate scavenging of human corpses | |
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| Vertebrates causing death and injury | |
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| Neglect and abuse of vertebrates | |
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| Vertebrates and drugs | |
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| Vertebrates and food hygiene | |
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| Illegal trade and killing of protected species of vertebrates | |
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| Identification of vertebrates | |
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| Future directions | |
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| Protists, Fungi, Plants and Microbes | |
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| Protists, fungi and plants | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Protists | |
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| Fungi | |
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| Plants | |
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| Plant secondary metabolites as sources of drugs and poisons | |
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| Illegal trade in protected plant species | |
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| Future directions | |
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| Bacteria and viruses | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The role of microorganisms in the decomposition process | |
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| Microbial profiles as identification tools | |
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| Microbial infections and human behaviour | |
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| Microbial infections that can be mistaken for signs of criminal activity | |
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| The use of microorganisms in bioterrorism | |
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| Future directions | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |