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| Tables | |
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| Figures | |
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| Boxes | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Preparation | |
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| Choosing a topic for study | |
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| Ecological research questions | |
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| Monitoring individual species and groups of species | |
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| Monitoring species richness | |
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| Monitoring population sizes and density | |
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| Monitoring community structure | |
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| Monitoring behaviour | |
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| A note of caution | |
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| Creating aims, objectives and hypotheses | |
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| Reviewing the literature | |
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| Primary literature | |
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| Secondary literature | |
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| Other sources of information | |
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| Search terms | |
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| Reading papers | |
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| Practical considerations | |
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| Legal aspects | |
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| Health and safety issues | |
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| Implementation | |
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| Time management | |
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| Project design and data management | |
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| Designing and setting up experiments and surveys | |
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| Types of data | |
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| Sampling designs | |
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| Planning statistical analysis | |
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| Choosing sampling methods | |
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| Summary | |
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| Monitoring site characteristics | |
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| Site selection | |
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| Site characterisation | |
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| Habitat mapping | |
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| Examination of landscape scale | |
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| Measuring microclimatic variables | |
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| Monitoring substrates | |
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| Monitoring water | |
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| Other physical attributes | |
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| Measuring biological attributes | |
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| Identification | |
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| Sampling static organisms | |
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| Sampling techniques for static organisms | |
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| Quadrat sampling | |
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| Pin-frames | |
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| Transects | |
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| Distribution of static organisms | |
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| Forestry techniques | |
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| Sampling mobile organisms | |
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| General issues | |
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| Distribution of mobile organisms | |
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| Direct observation | |
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| Behaviour | |
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| Indirect methods | |
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| Capture techniques | |
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| Marking individuals | |
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| Radio-tracking | |
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| Invertebrates | |
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| Direct observation | |
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| Indirect methods | |
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| Capture techniques | |
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| Marking individuals | |
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| Capturing aquatic invertebrates | |
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| Netting | |
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| Suction sampling | |
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| Benthic coring | |
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| Drags, dredges and grabs | |
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| Wet extraction | |
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| Artificial substrate samplers | |
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| Baited traps | |
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| Capturing soil-living invertebrates | |
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| Dry sieving | |
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| Floatation and phase-separation | |
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| Tullgren funnels as a method of dry extraction | |
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| Chemical extraction | |
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| Electrical extraction | |
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| Capturing ground-active invertebrates | |
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| Pitfall traps | |
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| Suction samplers | |
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| Emergence traps | |
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| Capturing invertebrates from plants | |
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| Pootering | |
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| Sweep netting | |
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| Beating | |
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| Fogging | |
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| Capturing airborne invertebrates | |
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| Sticky traps | |
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| Using attractants | |
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| Refuges | |
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| Flight interception (window and malaise) traps | |
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| Light traps | |
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| Rotary traps | |
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| Water traps | |
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| Fish | |
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| Direct observation | |
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| Indirect methods | |
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| Capture techniques | |
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| Marking individuals | |
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| Amphibians | |
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| Direct observation | |
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| Indirect methods | |
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| Capture techniques | |
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| Marking individuals | |
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| Reptiles | |
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| Direct observation | |
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| Indirect methods | |
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| Capture techniques | |
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| Marking individuals | |
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| Birds | |
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| Direct observation | |
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| Indirect methods | |
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| Capture techniques | |
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| Marking individuals | |
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| Mammals | |
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| Direct observation | |
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| Indirect methods | |
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| Capture techniques | |
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| Marking individuals | |
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| Analysing and interpreting information | |
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| Keys to tests | |
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| Exploring and describing data | |
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| Transforming and screening data | |
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| Spatial and temporal distributions | |
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| Population estimation techniques: densities and population sizes | |
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| Richness and diversity | |
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| Similarity, dissimilarity and distance coefficients | |
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| Recording descriptive statistics | |
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| Testing hypotheses using basic statistical tests and simple general linear models | |
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| Differences between samples | |
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| Relationships between variables | |
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| Associations between frequency distributions | |
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| More advanced general linear models for predictive analysis | |
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| Multiple regression | |
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| Analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of variance | |
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| Discriminant function analysis | |
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| Generalized linear models | |
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| Extensions of the generalized linear model | |
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| Statistical methods to examine pattern and structure in communities: classification, indicator species and ordination | |
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| Classification | |
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| Indicator species analysis | |
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| Ordination | |
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| Presenting the information | |
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| Structure | |
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| Title | |
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| Abstract | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Contents | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Methods | |
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| Results | |
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| Discussion | |
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| References | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Writing style | |
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| Tense | |
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| Numbers | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Punctuation | |
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| Choice of font | |
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| Common mistakes | |
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| Computer files | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Glossary of statistical terms | |
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| Index | |