| |
| |
| Foreword to the Eighth Edition | |
| |
| |
| Map of Anglo-Saxon England | |
| |
| |
| Abbreviations and Symbols | |
| |
| |
| How to Use this Guide | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Preliminary Remarks on the Language (��1-4) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Orthography and Pronunciation (��5-9) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Orthography (�5) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stress (�6) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vowels (�7) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diphthongs (�8) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Consonants (�9) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inflexions (��10-135) | |
| |
| |
| Introduction (��10-14) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pronouns (��15-21) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nouns and Sound-Changes Relevant to Them (��22-62) | |
| |
| |
| Weak Nouns (��22-25) | |
| |
| |
| Some Technical Terms (��26-32) | |
| |
| |
| Strong Nouns like stan (masc.) and scip (neut.) (��33-44) | |
| |
| |
| Masculine and Neuter Nouns in -e (��45-46) | |
| |
| |
| Strong Feminine Nouns (��47-51) | |
| |
| |
| i-Mutation (��52-57) | |
| |
| |
| Nouns Affected by i-Mutation (��58-60) | |
| |
| |
| u-Nouns (��61-62) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Adjectives (��63-76) | |
| |
| |
| Introduction (��63-64) | |
| |
| |
| Weak Declension (�65) | |
| |
| |
| Strong Declension (��66-67) | |
| |
| |
| Stem Changes in Adjectives (��68-73) | |
| |
| |
| Comparison of Adjectives (��74-76) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Observations on Noun, Adjective, and Pronoun Declensions (��77-81) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Numerals (��82-86) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Strong Verbs and Sound-Changes Relevant to Them (��87-114) | |
| |
| |
| Introduction (��87-89) | |
| |
| |
| Principal Parts of the Strong Verbs (��90-95) | |
| |
| |
| Breaking (��96-99) | |
| |
| |
| Influence of Initial i, sc, h (�100) | |
| |
| |
| Influence of Nasals (�101) | |
| |
| |
| Summary of the Strong Verbs of Class III (�102) | |
| |
| |
| The Effects of Sound-Changes on Other Strong Verbs (�103) | |
| |
| |
| Strong Verbs of Class VII (�104) | |
| |
| |
| Grimm's Law and Verner's Law (��105-109) | |
| |
| |
| Conjugation of the Strong Verb (��110-114) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Weak Verbs and Sound-Changes Relevant to Them (��115-126) | |
| |
| |
| Introduction (�115) | |
| |
| |
| |
| (��116-123) | |
| |
| |
| |
| (��124-125) | |
| |
| |
| |
| (�126) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Anomalous Verbs (��127-130) | |
| |
| |
| Bbon (�127) | |
| |
| |
| Ddn and gan (�128) | |
| |
| |
| Willan (�129) | |
| |
| |
| Preterite-Present Verbs (�130) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Is a Verb Strong or Weak? | |
| |
| |
| To which Class does it Belong? (��131-134) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Adverbs (�135) | |
| |
| |
| Formation (�135) | |
| |
| |
| Comparison (�135) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Word Formation (��136-138) | |
| |
| |
| Introduction (�136) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Compounding (�137) | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Addition of Affixes (�138) | |
| |
| |
| Prefixes (�138) | |
| |
| |
| Suffixes (�138) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Syntax (��139-214) | |
| |
| |
| Introduction (��139-142) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Word-Order (��143-147) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sentence Structure (��148-153) | |
| |
| |
| Recapitulation and Anticipation (�148) | |
| |
| |
| The Splitting of Heavy Groups (�149) | |
| |
| |
| Correlation (��150-153) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Noun Clauses (��154-161) | |
| |
| |
| Introduction (�154) | |
| |
| |
| Dependent Statements and Desires (��155-156) | |
| |
| |
| Dependent Questions (��157-160) | |
| |
| |
| The Accusative and Infinitive (�161) | |
| |
| |
| iv Adjective Clauses (��162-165) | |
| |
| |
| Definite Adjective Clauses (��162-163) | |
| |
| |
| Indefinite Adjective Clauses (�164) | |
| |
| |
| Mood (�165) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Adverb Clauses (��166-181) | |
| |
| |
| Introduction (��166-167) | |
| |
| |
| Non-Prepositional Conjunctions (�168) | |
| |
| |
| Prepositional Conjunctions (��169-171) | |
| |
| |
| An Exercise in Analysis (�172) | |
| |
| |
| Clauses of Place (�173) | |
| |
| |
| Clauses of Time (�174) | |
| |
| |
| Clauses of Purpose and Result (�175) | |
| |
| |
| Causal Clauses (�176) | |
| |
| |
| Clauses of Comparison (�177) | |
| |
| |
| Clauses of Concession (�178) | |
| |
| |
| Clauses of Condition (�179) | |
| |
| |
| Adverb Clauses Expressing Other Relationships (�180) | |
| |
| |
| Other Ways of Expressing Adverbial Relationships (�181) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Parataxis (��182-186) | |
| |
| |
| Introduction (��182-183) | |
| |
| |
| List of Conjunctions and Adverbs Commonly Used (�184) | |
| |
| |
| Parataxis without Conjunctions (�185) | |
| |
| |
| Some Special Idioms (�186) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Concord (�187) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nouns, Pronouns and their Modifiers (�187) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pronouns and their Antecedents (�187) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Subject and Verb (�187) | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Uses of the Cases (��188-192) | |
| |
| |
| Nominative (�188) | |
| |
| |
| Accusative (�189) | |
| |
| |
| Genitive (�190) | |
| |
| |
| Dative (�191) | |
| |
| |
| Instrumental (�192) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Articles, Pronouns, and Numerals (��193-194) | |
| |
| |
| Articles and Pronouns (�193) | |
| |
| |
| Numerals (�194) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Verbs (��195-212) | |
| |
| |
| The Uses of the Present and Preterite Tenses (��195-198) | |
| |
| |
| The Resolved Tenses (��199-204) | |
| |
| |
| Introduction (�199) | |
| |
| |
| The Verb 'to have' as an Auxiliary (�200) | |
| |
| |
| The Verb 'to be' as an Auxiliary of Tense (�201) | |
| |
| |
| The Passive (��202-203) | |
| |
| |
| Other Uses of the Present and Past Participles (�204) | |
| |
| |
| The Uses of the Infinitives (�205) | |
| |
| |
| The 'Modal' Auxiliaries (��206-211) | |
| |
| |
| Introduction (�206) | |
| |
| |
| Magan (�207) | |
| |
| |
| *Mdtan (�208) | |
| |
| |
| Cunnan (�209) | |
| |
| |
| *Sculan (�210) | |
| |
| |
| Willan (�211) | |
| |
| |
| Impersonal Verbs (�212) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prepositions (��213-214) | |
| |
| |
| List of Prepositions (�214) | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon Studies (��215-251) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Some Significant Dates (��215-216) | |
| |
| |
| |
| History (��217-218) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Archaeology (��219-230) | |
| |
| |
| Introduction (�219) | |
| |
| |
| List of Abbreviated Titles (�220) | |
| |
| |
| Weapons and Warfare (�221) | |
| |
| |
| Life and Dress (�222) | |
| |
| |
| Architecture and Buildings (��223-224) | |
| |
| |
| Sculpture and Carving (�225) | |
| |
| |
| Jewellery and Metalwork (�226) | |
| |
| |
| Embroidery (�227) | |
| |
| |
| Coins (�228) | |
| |
| |
| Manuscripts and Runic Inscriptions (�229) | |
| |
| |
| The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial (�230) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Language (��231-235) | |
| |
| |
| Changes in English (�231) | |
| |
| |
| The Danish Invasions (�232) | |
| |
| |
| The Norman Conquest (�233) | |
| |
| |
| Vocabulary (�234) | |
| |
| |
| Some Questions (�235) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Literature (��236-251) | |
| |
| |
| Introduction (��236-246) | |
| |
| |
| Poetry (��247-249) | |
| |
| |
| Prose (��250-251) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Select Bibliography (��252-269) | |
| |
| |
| General (�252) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Preliminary Remarks on the Language (�253) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Orthography and Pronunciation (�254) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inflexions (�254) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Word Formation (�255) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Syntax (�256) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Anglo-Saxon Studies (��257-269) | |
| |
| |
| History (�257) | |
| |
| |
| Archaeology (�258) | |
| |
| |
| Language (��259-261) | |
| |
| |
| History of English Prose (�259) | |
| |
| |
| Vocabulary (��260-261) | |
| |
| |
| Word Formation 140 Changes of Meaning (�260) | |
| |
| |
| Borrowings (�261) | |
| |
| |
| Literature (��262-269) | |
| |
| |
| Topics Raised in ��236-246 (�262) | |
| |
| |
| General Criticism (�263) | |
| |
| |
| Poetry Texts (�264) | |
| |
| |
| Appreciation of the Poetry (�265) | |
| |
| |
| The Use of Oral Formulae (�266) | |
| |
| |
| Metre (�267) | |
| |
| |
| Prose Texts (�268) | |
| |
| |
| Sources (�269) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Strong Verbs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Some Effects of i-Mutation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Metre | |
| |
| |
| |
| List of Linguistic Terms Used in this Book | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Moods of Old English | |
| |
| |
| |
| Grimm's and Verner's Laws | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prose And Verse Texts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Practice Sentences | |
| |
| |
| |
| Two Old Testament Pieces | |
| |
| |
| The Fall of Man | |
| |
| |
| Abraham and Isaac | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Colloquy on the Occupations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Two Characteristic Prose Works by �lfric | |
| |
| |
| Preface to Genesis 198 St. Edmund, King and Martyr | |
| |
| |
| |
| Alfred the Great's Preface to his Translation of Gregory's Pastoral Care | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cynewulf and Cyneheard | |
| |
| |
| |
| Selections from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bede's Account of the Conversion of King Edwin | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bede's Account of the Poet C�dmon | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Goths and Boethius: Prose and Verse from the Introduction to King Alfred's Boethius Translation | |
| |
| |
| |
| (a)-(p) Riddles | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Battle of Maldon | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Ruin | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Dream of the Rood | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Wife's Lament | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Wanderer | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Seafarer | |
| |
| |
| |
| Four excerpts from Beowulf 291 Prologue | |
| |
| |
| |
| Beowulf's Fight with Grendel | |
| |
| |
| |
| Beowulf Consoles Hrothgar for �schere's Death | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Lament of the Last Survivor | |
| |
| |
| |
| Beowulf's Funeral | |
| |
| |
| |
| Wulf and Eadwacer | |
| |
| |
| |
| Judith | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cotton Gnomes or Maxims | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sermo Lupi ad Anglos | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Indexes to Part One | |
| |
| |
| Index of Subjects | |
| |
| |
| Index of Words | |