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| Embedding Advocacy in the American Health System | |
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| Seven Problems Commonly Encountered by Health Consumers | |
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| Advocacy | |
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| Scenarios and Vignettes | |
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| Resurgence of Interest in Case- and Policy Advocacy | |
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| Advocacy from Outside the Health System | |
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| Advocacy as an Underground Activity | |
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| Advocacy as an Ethical Imperative | |
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| A Philosophical Premise | |
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| An Outline of this Book | |
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| On-Line Materials Relevant to this Chapter | |
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| How the American Health System Contributes to Consumers' Seven Problems | |
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| From History to Case- and Policy Advocacy | |
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| An Advocacy Practice Framework: Tasks, Skills, and Actions | |
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| Brief Overview of Case-Advocacy Interventions | |
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| Eight Case-Advocacy Tasks | |
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| Reading the Context | |
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| Triage | |
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| Allocating Case Advocacy Services | |
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| Diagnosing Task | |
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| The Strategizing Task | |
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| Implementing Case-Advocacy Strategy | |
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| Assessing Advocacy Interventions | |
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| Progressing to Policy Advocacy | |
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| Summary | |
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| Case Advocacy Skills | |
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| Skills for Reading the Advocacy Context (Task #1) | |
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| Skills for Case Advocacy Triage (Task #2) | |
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| Skills for Allocating Case Advocacy Services (Task #3) | |
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| Skills for the Diagnosing Task (Task #4) | |
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| Skills for the Strategizing Task (Task #5) | |
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| Skills for the Implementing Task (Task # 6) | |
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| Skills for the Assessing Task (Task #7) | |
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| Skills for the Progression Task (Task #8) | |
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| Two Skills in More Detail | |
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| The Nature of Influence | |
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| Empowering Consumers | |
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| Empowerment (continued) | |
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| Advocacy with Respect to Seven Consumer Problems | |
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| Advocacy to Protect Consumers' Ethical Rights | |
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| Promoting Ethical Conduct in Health Care | |
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| The Policy and Regulatory Thicket for Promoting Ethical Conduct | |
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| Obtaining Skills in Ethical Reasoning at the Case Level | |
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| Nineteen Scenarios Encountered by Case Advocates | |
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| Summary | |
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| Moving from Case Advocacy Scenarios to Broader Policy Issues | |
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| Advocacy to Improve Consumers' Quality of Care | |
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| A Definition of "Quality Health Care" | |
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| General Criticisms of the Success of American Health Care In Addressing Physiological Illnesses | |
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| The Policy and Regulatory Thicket as It Pertains to Quality of Care | |
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| Fifteen Scenarios Encountered by Consumers With Respect to Quality of Care | |
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| Progressing from Case Advocacy to Policy Advocacy to Enhance Quality of Care | |
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| Advocacy to Promote Culturally Competent Health Services | |
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| Conceptualizing Cultural Competency | |
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| What it Means to be Culturally Competent: A Conceptual Framework | |
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| The Case for Providing Culturally Competent Services | |
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| The Policy and Regulatory Thicket | |
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| Ten Scenarios Pertaining to Culturally Incompetent Services | |
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| Policy Advocacy to Promote the Cultural Competency of the Health System | |
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| Using Advocacy to Promote Prevention in Health Care | |
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| Defining Prevention | |
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| Threats to Health | |
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| Why American Consumers Particularly Need Prevention | |
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| Barriers to Prevention | |
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| The Policy and Regulatory Thicket | |
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| Twelve Scenarios of Consumers Regarding Preventive Services | |
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| Using Advocacy to Help Consumers Finance Their Health Care | |
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| Dividing Runaway Costs Among Different Entities | |
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| Buck-Passing | |
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| Seniors' Angst | |
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| The Medical Wheel of Fortune | |
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| Some Effects of Poor Coverage on Health Outcomes | |
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| Ripple Effects of Health Costs and Coverage | |
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| The Policy and Regulatory Thicket Protecting Consumers With Respect to Health Coverage | |
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| Scenarios Encountered by Advocates | |
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| Moving from Case Advocacy to Policy Advocacy | |
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| Scenarios Presented in this Book | |
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| Five Scenarios in Online Materials | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Advocacy for Health Consumers Needing Mental Health Services | |
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| Why Many Consumers Turn to Health Settings for Help with Mental Conditions | |
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| Kinds of Mental Distress Often Experienced by Consumers | |
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| Who Attends to Consumers' Mental Health Needs? | |
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| Some Liabilities in the Policy and Regulatory Thicket | |
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| Assets in the Policy and Regulatory Thicket | |
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| The Policy and Regulatory Thicket: Laws, Regulations, and Staff that Facilitate Social and Mental Health Services | |
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| 26 Scenarios Encountered by Case Advocates | |
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| Moving from Case Advocacy to Policy Advocacy | |
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| Moving from Case Advocacy to Policy Advocacy | |
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| 18 Scenarios in the Book | |
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| 8 Scenarios in the Online Materials for this chapter | |
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| Advocacy to Help Consumers Receive Community-Based Care | |
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| Why Many Health Consumers Need Community-Oriented | |
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| A Compendium of Community-Based Health Services | |
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| Assets and Liabilities in the Policy and Regulatory Thicket | |
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| 15 Case Advocacy Scenarios for Consumers Needing Community-Based Care | |
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| Moving from Case Advocacy to Policy Advocacy | |
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| 13 Scenarios in this Book | |
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| Summary | |
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| A Framework for Policy Advocacy by Health Professionals | |
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| The Importance of Policy Advocacy | |
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| A Policy Advocacy Framework | |
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| Surmounting Fatalism, Controversy, and Vested Interests | |
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| Policy Advocacy in Four Settings | |
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| Using Policy Advocacy to Embed Advocacy in Health-Care Organizations | |
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| What Advocates Seek to Change in Health Organizations | |
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| Using Policy Advocacy to Embed Advocacy in Health Organizations | |
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| Challenge 4: Developing a Base of Support | |
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| Challenges 5 and 6: Developing Proposals and Securing Enactment | |
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| Challenge 7: Securing Implementation | |
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| Challenge 8: Assessing Policies | |
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| Summary | |
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| Policy Advocacy in Community, Electoral, and Government Settings | |
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| Health Advocacy in Communities | |
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| Policy Advocacy in Electoral Settings | |
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| Policy Advocacy in Legislative and Regulatory Settings | |
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| Advocating for Regulatory Changes | |
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| Establishing a Policy Agenda in Specific Health Settings | |
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| Summary | |