| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| Nomenclature | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Principles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| What is a Fuel Cell? | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Simple Fuel Cell | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Advantages | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Disadvantages | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Types | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Fuel Cell Operation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Performance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Characterization and Modeling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Technology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cells and the Environment | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Thermodynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermodynamics Review | |
| |
| |
| |
| Heat Potential of a Fuel: Enthalpy of Reaction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Work Potential of a Fuel: Gibbs Free Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Predicting Reversible Voltage of a Fuel Cell Under Non-Standard-State Conditions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Efficiency | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermal and Mass Balances in Fuel Cells | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Reaction Kinetics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Electrode Kinetics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Why Charge Transfer Reactions Have an Activation Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Activation Energy Determines Reaction Rate | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculating Net Rate of a Reaction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rate of reaction at Equilibrium: Exchange current Density | |
| |
| |
| |
| Potential of a Reaction at Equilibrium: Galvani Potential | |
| |
| |
| |
| Potential and Rate: Butler�Volmer Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Exchange Currents and Electrocatalysis: How to Improve Kinetic Performance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Simplified Activation Kinetics: Tafel Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Different Fuel Cell Reactions Produce Different Kinetics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Catalyst-Electrode Design | |
| |
| |
| |
| Quantum Mechanics: Framework for Understanding Catalysis in Fuel Cells | |
| |
| |
| |
| Connecting the Butler�Volmer and Nernst Equations (Optional | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Charge Transport | |
| |
| |
| |
| Charges Move in Response to Forces | |
| |
| |
| |
| Charge Transport Results in a Voltage Loss | |
| |
| |
| |
| Characteristics of Fuel Cell Charge Transport Resistance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Physical Meaning of Conductivity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Review of Fuel Cell Electrolyte Classes | |
| |
| |
| |
| More on Diffusivity and Conductivity (Optional | |
| |
| |
| |
| Why Electrical Driving Forces Dominate Charge Transport (Optional | |
| |
| |
| |
| Quantum Mechanics�Based Simulaton of Ion Conduction in Oxide Electrolytes (Optional | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Mass Transport | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transport in Electrode Versus Flow Structure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transport in Electrode: Diffusive Transport | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transport in Flow Structures: Convective Transport | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Modeling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Putting It All Together: A Basic Fuel Cell Model | |
| |
| |
| |
| A 1D Fuel Cell Model | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Models Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (Optional | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Characterization | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Do We Want to Characterize? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overview of Characterization Techniques | |
| |
| |
| |
| In Situ Electrochemical Characterization Techniques | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ex Situ Characterization Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Technology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overview Of Fuel Cell Types | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell | |
| |
| |
| |
| Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell | |
| |
| |
| |
| Alkaline Fuel Cell | |
| |
| |
| |
| Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell | |
| |
| |
| |
| Solid Oxide Fuel Cell | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Fuel Cells | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary Comparison | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pemfc And Sofc Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
| PEMFC Electrolyte Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
| PEMFC Electrode/Catalyst Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
| SOFC Electrolyte Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
| SOFC Electrode/Catalyst Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
| Material Stability, Durability, And Lifetime | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overview Of Fuel Cell Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Stack (Fuel Cell Subsystem | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Thermal Management Subsystem | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Delivery/Processing Subsystem | |
| |
| |
| |
| Power Electronics Subsystem | |
| |
| |
| |
| Case Study of Fuel Cell System Design: Stationary Combined Heat and Power Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Case Study of Fuel Cell System Design: Sizing A Portable Fuel Cell | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Processing Subsystem Design | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Reforming Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
| Water�Gas Shift Reactors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Carbon Monoxide Clean-Up | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reformer and Processor Efficiency Losses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reactor Design for Fuel Reformers and Processors | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermal Management Subsystem Design | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overview of Pinch Point Analysis Steps | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell System Design | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell Design Via Computational Fluid Dynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fuel Cell System Design: a Case Study | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Environmental Impact Of Fuel Cells | |
| |
| |
| |
| Life Cycle Assessment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Important Emissions For LCA | |
| |
| |
| |
| Emissions Related to Global Warming | |
| |
| |
| |
| Emissions Related to Air Pollution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analyzing Entire Scenarios with LCA | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Appendixes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Constants And Conversions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermodynamic Data | |
| |
| |
| |
| Standard Electrode Potentials At 25 ?C | |
| |
| |
| |
| Quantum Mechanics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Atomic Orbitals | |
| |
| |
| |
| Postulates of Quantum Mechanics | |
| |
| |
| |
| One-Dimensional Electron Gas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analogy to Column Buckling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hydrogen Atom | |
| |
| |
| |
| Periodic Table Of The Elements | |
| |
| |
| |
| Suggested Further Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Important Equations | |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| Index | |