| |
| |
| Project Team and Contributors | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgements | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Designing a Series of Suspension Footbridges | |
| |
| |
| Basic definitions of statics: Loads, Forces, Tension, Compression, Stress | |
| |
| |
| Free-body diagrams; Vectors and scalars; Static equilibrium of concurrent forces | |
| |
| |
| The force polygon and funicular polygon for funicular structures; Bow's notation | |
| |
| |
| Detailing steel rod elements in tension and anchoring to rock | |
| |
| |
| Lateral stability; stiffening a tensile structure | |
| |
| |
| Construction detailing and planning | |
| |
| |
| |
| Designing a Suspended Roof | |
| |
| |
| Families of funicular forms; Relationship of funicular polygon to finding form and forces | |
| |
| |
| Pole-finding strategies; Learning from the force polygon to find optimum forms | |
| |
| |
| Sag ratio; Length of a hanging cable | |
| |
| |
| Detailing and construction using steel cables, sockets, framing, and masts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Designing a Concrete Cylindrical Shell Roof | |
| |
| |
| Shaping funicular arches and vaults in compression | |
| |
| |
| Form-finding: catenary, parabola, circle | |
| |
| |
| Stiffening compressive structures against buckling and unbalanced loadings | |
| |
| |
| Detailing and constructing a thin single-curvature shell | |
| |
| |
| |
| Master Lesson: Designing Simple Trusses | |
| |
| |
| Structural idea generation in three dimensions; The creative process | |
| |
| |
| Graphical truss analysis; Influence of truss form and depth on member forces | |
| |
| |
| Creative latitude in structural design and positive interactions between architects and engineers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Designing a Building on a Vertical Site | |
| |
| |
| Moments of forces | |
| |
| |
| Equilibrium of nonconcurrent forces | |
| |
| |
| Graphical analysis of nonconcurrent forces | |
| |
| |
| Detailing and construction of a steel frame structure on a very difficult site | |
| |
| |
| |
| Designing with Multipanel Trusses | |
| |
| |
| Various methods of analysis for multipanel trusses | |
| |
| |
| Common truss configurations and their uses | |
| |
| |
| Developing and refining the form of complex trusses based upon forces and connections | |
| |
| |
| Detailing and construction of a building with heavy timber trusses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Designing a Fanlike Roof | |
| |
| |
| Extending graphical truss analysis to design fanlike structures that | |
| |
| |
| are compressive or tensile (cable-stayed | |
| |
| |
| Finding good forms and member forces in cable-stayed, fanlike, and treelike structures | |
| |
| |
| Design and detail issues using steel tube construction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Designing Unreinforced Masonry | |
| |
| |
| Contributing Authors: John A. Ochsendorf and Philippe Block | |
| |
| |
| Understanding, designing, and detailing traditional unreinforced masonry | |
| |
| |
| Stability of masonry with, vaults, ties, engaged and flying buttresses | |
| |
| |
| Load tracing and kerns | |
| |
| |
| Graphical analysis of arches of predetermined shape | |
| |
| |
| Design and formal vocabulary of funicular masonry arches and vaults | |
| |
| |
| |
| Master Lesson: Designing a Concrete Shell Roof for a Grandstand | |
| |
| |
| Equilibrium in three dimensions of a composite structure; combining funicular vaults and trusses | |
| |
| |
| Architectural and engineering interactions in designing forms and construction processes | |
| |
| |
| Detailing practices in reinforced concrete foundations and | |
| |
| |
| exposed architectural reinforced concrete | |
| |
| |
| Working in SI | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Designing Efficient Trusses | |
| |
| |
| Reversing the graphical process to synthesize shapes of constant-force trusses and arches | |
| |
| |
| Rapid assessment of truss efficiency by comparing force polygons | |
| |
| |
| Finding form and forces for constant-force structures including arches | |
| |
| |
| |
| Designing Restraints for Funicular Structures | |
| |
| |
| Tensile and compressive strategies of restraint to resist shape alterations | |
| |
| |
| Effects of unbalanced loads on structures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Designing Shell and Membrane Structures | |
| |
| |
| Contributing Author: Michael H. Ramage | |
| |
| |
| Form-finding techniques applied to shell, tent, pneumatic, and membrane structures | |
| |
| |
| Material constraints and opportunities | |
| |
| |
| Detailing lightweight structures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Structural Materials | |
| |
| |
| Behavior of structural materials at microscopic level; Comparisons to macroscopic analogies | |
| |
| |
| Responses of materials to stress and loading; Understanding structural deformation and failure | |
| |
| |
| Properties of materials: cohesion, internal friction, brittleness and ductility | |
| |
| |
| |
| Master Lesson: Designing with the Flow of Forces | |
| |
| |
| Trajectories of principal stresses | |
| |
| |
| Strut-and-tie modeling; truss modeling | |
| |
| |
| Three patterns of force flow; applications of basic patterns to any structural element | |
| |
| |
| Use of graphical truss solutions to find forces in truss models | |
| |
| |
| |
| Designing a Bay of Framing | |
| |
| |
| Configuring building frames in three dimensions; laying out a framing plan | |
| |
| |
| Understanding bays, decking, joists, beams, girders, slabs, columns, and framing materials | |
| |
| |
| Load tracing for gravity and lateral loads | |
| |
| |
| Bracing to resist lateral loads | |
| |
| |
| Criteria influencing design of bays in very tall buildings where lateral loads predominate | |
| |
| |
| Integration with vertical transportation, life safety and egress planning, mechanical systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bending Action on Beams | |
| |
| |
| Analysis of external load patterns on structures; Quantifying and simplifying external loadings | |
| |
| |
| V and M diagrams; Relationship to force polygons and funicular polygons | |
| |
| |
| Graphical and semigraphical constructions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bending Resistance in Rectangular Beams | |
| |
| |
| Resistance mechanisms of beams | |
| |
| |
| Lattice pattern of flow of forces | |
| |
| |
| Deflection calculations | |
| |
| |
| Development of mathematical expressions for bending stresses and web stresses in rectangular beams | |
| |
| |
| Designing bays of wood framing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bending Resistance in Beams of Any Shape | |
| |
| |
| Properties of complex cross-sectional shapes | |
| |
| |
| Moment of Inertia | |
| |
| |
| Composite action | |
| |
| |
| Designing bays of steel framing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Designing Columns and Loadbearing Walls | |
| |
| |
| Types of columns: short, intermediate, long; Buckling and deflection | |
| |
| |
| Designing column restraints; Designing optimum forms for columns | |
| |
| |
| Loadbearing walls | |
| |
| |
| Portal frames, hinges | |
| |
| |
| Architectural and historical expressions of columns | |
| |
| |
| |
| Designing a Sitecast Concrete Building | |
| |
| |
| Composite action of steel and concrete in concrete beams, slabs, and columns | |
| |
| |
| Selection and design criteria for reinforced concrete framing | |
| |
| |
| Opportunities and constraints for slab openings | |
| |
| |
| Relationship of structural typology to program | |
| |
| |
| Designing bays of reinforced concrete framing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Master Lesson: Designing in Precast Concrete | |
| |
| |
| Multi-disciplinary project design teams | |
| |
| |
| Medium-rise building planning and choice of framing systems | |
| |
| |
| Integration with life safety and egress planning | |
| |
| |
| Integration with mechanical and electrical services | |
| |
| |
| Designing with precast concrete framing elements | |
| |
| |
| |
| Designing an Entrance Canopy | |
| |
| |
| Longitudinal shaping of beams to create parallel force flow | |
| |
| |
| Structural articulation at cantilevers and termination details | |
| |
| |
| |
| Afterword: What is Quality? | |
| |
| |
| Index | |