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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Principles | |
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| Diagram of a Mass Spectrometer | |
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| History | |
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| Ion Free Path | |
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| Ion Sources | |
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| Electron Ionization | |
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| Chemical Ionization | |
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| Proton transfer | |
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| Adduct formation | |
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| Charge-transfer chemical ionization | |
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| Reagent gas | |
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| Negative ion formation | |
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| Desorption chemical ionization | |
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| Field Ionization | |
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| Fast Atom Bombardment and Liquid Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry | |
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| Field Desorption | |
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| Plasma Desorption | |
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| Laser Desorption | |
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| Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization | |
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| Principle of MALDI | |
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| Practical considerations | |
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| Fragmentations | |
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| Atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization | |
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| Thermospray | |
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| Atmospheric Pressure Ionization | |
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| Electrospray | |
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| Multiply charged ions | |
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| Electrochemistry and electric field as origins of multiply charged ions | |
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| Sensitivity to concentration | |
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| Limitation of ion current from the source by the electrochemical process | |
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| Practical considerations | |
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| Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization | |
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| Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization | |
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| Atmospheric Pressure Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry | |
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| Desorption electrospray ionization | |
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| Direct analysis in real time | |
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| Inorganic Ionization Sources | |
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| Thermal ionization source | |
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| Spark source | |
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| Glow discharge source | |
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| Inductively coupled plasma source | |
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| Practical considerations | |
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| Gas-Phase Ion-Molecule Reactions | |
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| Formation and Fragmentation of Ions: Basic Rules | |
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| Electron ionization and photoionization under vacuum | |
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| Ionization at low pressure or at atmospheric pressure | |
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| Proton transfer | |
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| Adduct formation | |
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| Formation of aggregates or clusters | |
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| Reactions at the interface between source and analyser | |
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| Mass Analysers | |
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| Quadrupole Analysers | |
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| Description | |
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| Equations of motion | |
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| Ion guide and collision cell | |
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| Spectrometers with several quadrupoles in tandem | |
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| Ion Trap Analysers | |
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| The 3D ion trap | |
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| The 2D ion trap | |
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| The Electrostatic Trap or 'Orbitrap' | |
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| Time-of-Flight Analysers | |
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| Linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer | |
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| Delayed pulsed extraction | |
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| Reflectrons | |
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| Tandem mass spectrometry with time-of-flight analyser | |
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| Orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight instruments | |
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| Magnetic and Electromagnetic Analysers | |
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| Action of the magnetic field | |
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| Electrostatic field | |
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| Dispersion and resolution | |
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| Practical considerations | |
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| Tandem mass spectrometry in electromagnetic analysers | |
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| Ion Cyclotron Resonance and Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry | |
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| General principle | |
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| Ion cyclotron resonance | |
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| Fourier transform mass spectrometry | |
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| MS[superscript n] in ICR/FTMS instruments | |
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| Hybrid Instruments | |
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| Electromagnetic analysers coupled to quadrupoles or ion trap | |
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| Ion trap analyser combined with time-of-flight or ion cyclotron resonance | |
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| Hybrids including time-of-flight with orthogonal acceleration | |
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| Detectors and Computers | |
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| Detectors | |
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| Photographic plate | |
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| Faraday cup | |
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| Electron multipliers | |
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| Electro-optical ion detectors | |
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| Computers | |
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| Functions | |
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| Instrumentation | |
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| Data acquisition | |
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| Data conversion | |
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| Data reduction | |
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| Library search | |
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| Tandem Mass Spectrometry | |
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| Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Space or in Time | |
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| Tandem Mass Spectrometry Scan Modes | |
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| Collision-Activated Decomposition or Collision-Induced Dissociation | |
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| Collision energy conversion to internal energy | |
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| High-energy collision (keV) | |
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| Low-energy collision (between 1 and 100 eV) | |
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| Other Methods of Ion Activation | |
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| Reactions Studied in MS/MS | |
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| Tandem Mass Spectrometry Applications | |
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| Structure elucidation | |
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| Selective detection of target compound class | |
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| Ion-molecule reaction | |
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| The kinetic method | |
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| Mass Spectrometry/Chromatography Coupling | |
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| Elution Chromatography Coupling Techniques | |
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| Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry | |
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| Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry | |
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| Capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry | |
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| Chromatography Data Acquisition Modes | |
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| Data Recording and Treatment | |
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| Data recording | |
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| Instrument control and treatment of results | |
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| Analytical Information | |
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| Mass Spectrometry Spectral Collections | |
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| High Resolution | |
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| Information at different resolving powers | |
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| Determination of the elemental composition | |
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| Isotopic Abundances | |
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| Low-mass Fragments and Lost Neutrals | |
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| Number of Rings or Unsaturations | |
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| Mass and Electron Parities, Closed-shell Ions and Open-shell Ions | |
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| Electron parity | |
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| Mass parity | |
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| Relationship between mass and electron parity | |
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| Quantitative Data | |
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| Specificity | |
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| Sensitivity and detection limit | |
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| External standard method | |
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| Sources of error | |
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| Internal standard method | |
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| Isotopic dilution method | |
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| Fragmentation Reactions | |
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| Electron Ionization and Fragmentation Rates | |
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| Quasi-Equilibrium and RRKM Theory | |
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| Ionization and Appearance Energies | |
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| Fragmentation Reactions of Positive Ions | |
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| Fragmentation of odd-electron cations or radical cations (OE[superscript [middle dot]+]) | |
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| Fragmentation of cations with an even number of electrons (EE[superscript +]) | |
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| Fragmentations obeying the parity rule | |
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| Fragmentations not obeying the parity rule | |
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| Fragmentation Reactions of Negative Ions | |
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| Fragmentation mechanisms of even electron anions (EE[superscript -]) | |
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| Fragmentation mechanisms of radical anions (OE[superscript [middle dot]-]) | |
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| Charge Remote Fragmentation | |
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| Spectrum Interpretation | |
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| Typical ions | |
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| Presence of the molecular ion | |
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| Typical neutrals | |
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| A few examples of the interpretation of mass spectra | |
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| Analysis of Biomolecules | |
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| Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry | |
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| Proteins and Peptides | |
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| ESI and MALDI | |
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| Structure and sequence determination using fragmentation | |
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| Applications | |
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| Oligonucleotides | |
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| Mass spectra of oligonucleotides | |
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| Applications of mass spectrometry to oligonucleotides | |
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| Fragmentation of oligonucleotides | |
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| Characterization of modified oligonucleotides | |
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| Oligosaccharides | |
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| Mass spectra of oligosaccharides | |
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| Fragmentation of oligosaccharides | |
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| Degradation of oligosaccharides coupled with mass spectrometry | |
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| Lipids | |
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| Fatty acids | |
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| Acylglycerols | |
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| Bile acids | |
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| Metabolomics | |
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| Mass spectrometry in metabolomics | |
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| Applications | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Questions | |
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| Answers | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Units | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Analysers | |
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| Detection | |
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| Ionization | |
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| Ion types | |
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| Ion-molecule reaction | |
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| Fragmentation | |
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| Acronyms and abbreviations | |
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| Fundamental Physical Constants | |
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| Table of Isotopes in Ascending Mass Order | |
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| Table of Isotopes in Alphabetical Order | |
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| Isotopic Abundances (in %) for Various Elemental Compositions CHON | |
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| Gas-Phase Ion Thermochemical Data of Molecules | |
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| Gas-Phase Ion Thermochemical Data of Radicals | |
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| Literature on Mass Spectrometry | |
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| Mass Spectrometry on Internet | |
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| Index | |