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| Preface to the Fourth Edition | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| The Moral Reality of War | |
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| Against "Realism" | |
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| The Realist Argument | |
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| The Melian Dialogue | |
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| Strategy and Morality | |
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| Historical Relativism | |
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| Three Accounts of Agincourt | |
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| The Crime of War | |
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| The Logic of War | |
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| The Argument of Karl von Clausewitz | |
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| The Limit of Consent | |
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| The Tyranny of War | |
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| General Sherman and the Burning of Atlanta | |
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| The Rules of War | |
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| The Moral Equality of Soldiers | |
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| The Case of Hitler's Generals | |
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| Two Sorts of Rules | |
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| The War Convention | |
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| The Example of Surrender | |
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| The Theory of Aggression | |
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| Law and Order in International Society | |
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| Aggression | |
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| The Rights of Political Communities | |
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| The Case of Alsace-Lorraine | |
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| The Legalist Paradigm | |
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| Unavoidable Categories | |
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| Karl Marx and the Franco-Prussian War | |
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| The Argument for Appeasement | |
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| Czechoslovakia and the Munich Principle | |
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| Finland | |
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| Anticipations | |
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| Preventive War and the Balance of Power | |
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| The War of the Spanish Succession | |
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| Pre-emptive Strikes | |
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| The Six Day War | |
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| Interventions | |
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| Self-Determination and Self-Help | |
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| The Argument of John Stuart Mill | |
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| Secession | |
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| The Hungarian Revolution | |
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| Civil War | |
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| The American War in Vietnam | |
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| Humanitarian Intervention | |
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| Cuba, 1898, and Bangladesh, 1971 | |
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| War's Ends, and the Importance of Winning | |
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| Unconditional Surrender | |
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| Allied Policy in World War II | |
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| Justice in Settlements | |
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| The Korean War | |
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| The War Convention | |
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| War's Means, and the Importance of Fighting Well | |
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| Utility and Proportionality | |
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| The Argument of Henry Sidgwick | |
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| Human Rights | |
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| The Rape of the Italian Women | |
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| Noncombatant Immunity and Military Necessity | |
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| The Status of Individuals | |
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| Naked Soldiers | |
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| The Nature of Necessity (1) | |
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| Submarine Warfare: The Laconia Affair | |
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| Double Effect | |
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| Bombardment in Korea | |
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| The Bombing of Occupied France and the Vemork Raid | |
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| War Against Civilians: Sieges and Blockades | |
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| Coercion and Responsibility | |
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| The Siege of Jerusalem, 72 A.D. | |
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| The Right to Leave | |
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| The Siege of Leningrad | |
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| Taking Aim and the Doctrine of Double Effect | |
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| The British Blockade of Germany | |
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| Guerrilla War | |
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| Resistance to Military Occupation | |
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| A Partisan Attack | |
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| The Rights of Guerrilla Fighters | |
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| The Rights of Civilian Supporters | |
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| The American "Rules of Engagement" in Vietnam | |
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| Terrorism | |
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| The Political Code | |
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| The Russian Populists, the IRA, and the Stern Gang | |
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| The Vietcong Assassination Campaign | |
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| Violence and Liberation | |
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| Jean-Paul Sartre and the Battle of Algiers | |
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| Reprisals | |
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| Deterrence Without Retribution | |
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| The FFI Prisoners at Annecy | |
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| The Problem of Peacetime Reprisals | |
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| The Attack on Khibye and the Beirut Raid | |
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| Dilemmas of War | |
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| Winning and Fighting Well | |
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| "Asinine Ethics" | |
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| Chairman Mao and the Battle of the River Hung | |
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| The Sliding Scale and the Argument from Extremity | |
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| Aggression and Neutrality | |
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| The Right to Be Neutral | |
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| The Nature of Necessity (2) | |
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| The Rape of Belgium | |
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| The Sliding Scale | |
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| Winston Churchill and Norwegian Neutrality | |
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| Supreme Emergency | |
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| The Nature of Necessity (3) | |
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| Overriding the Rules of War | |
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| The Decision to Bomb German Cities | |
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| The Limits of Calculation | |
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| Hiroshima | |
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| Nuclear Deterrence | |
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| The Problem of Immoral Threats | |
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| Limited Nuclear War | |
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| The Argument of Paul Ramsey | |
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| The Question of Responsibility | |
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| The Crime of Aggression: Political Leaders and Citizens | |
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| The World of Officials | |
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| Nuremberg: "The Ministries Case" | |
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| Democratic Responsibilities | |
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| The American People and the Vietnam War | |
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| War Crimes: Soldiers and Their Officers | |
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| In the Heat of Battle | |
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| Two Accounts of Killing Prisoners | |
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| Superior Orders | |
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| The My Lai Massacre | |
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| Command Responsibility | |
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| General Bradley and the Bombing of St. Lo | |
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| The Case of General Yamashita | |
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| The Nature of Necessity (4) | |
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| The Dishonoring of Arthur Harris | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Afterword: Nonviolence and the Theory of War | |
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| Notes | |
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| Index | |