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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Acknowledgements for the Second Edition | |
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| Introduction: meaning and reference | |
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| Overview | |
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| Meaning and understanding | |
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| The Referential Theory | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Reference and referring | |
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| Definite descriptions | |
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| Overview | |
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| Singular terms | |
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| Russell's Theory of Descriptions | |
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| Objections to Russell's theory | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Proper names: the Description Theory | |
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| Overview | |
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| Frege and the puzzles | |
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| Opening objections | |
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| Searle's Cluster Theory | |
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| Kripke's critique | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Proper names: Direct Reference and the Causal-Historical Theory | |
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| Overview | |
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| Possible worlds | |
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| Rigidity and proper names | |
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| Direct Reference | |
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| The Causal-Historical Theory | |
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| Problems for the Causal-Historical Theory | |
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| Natural-kind terms and "Twin Earth" | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Theories of meaning | |
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| Traditional theories of meaning | |
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| Overview | |
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| The Proposition Theory | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Further reading | |
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| "Use" theories | |
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| Overview | |
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| "Use" in a roughly Wittgensteinian sense | |
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| Objections and some replies | |
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| Inferentialism | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Psychological theories: Grice's program | |
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| Overview | |
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| Grice's basic idea | |
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| Speaker-meaning | |
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| Sentence meaning | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Verificationism | |
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| Overview | |
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| The theory and its motivation | |
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| Some objections | |
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| The big one | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Truth-Condition Theories: Davidson's program | |
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| Overview | |
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| Truth conditions | |
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| Truth-defining natural languages | |
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| Objections to the Davidsonian version | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Truth-Condition Theories: possible worlds and intensional semantics | |
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| Overview | |
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| Truth conditions reconceived | |
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| Advantages over Davidson's view | |
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| Remaining objections | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Pragmatics and speech acts | |
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| Semantic pragmatics | |
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| Overview | |
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| Semantic pragmatics vs. pragmatic pragmatics | |
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| The problem of deixis | |
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| The work of semantic pragmatics | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Speech acts and illocutionary force | |
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| Overview | |
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| Performatives | |
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| Infelicities and constitutive rules | |
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| Cohen's problem | |
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| Illocutionary theories of meaning | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Implicative relations | |
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| Overview | |
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| Conveyed meanings and invited inferences | |
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| Conversational implicature | |
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| Presupposition and conventional implicature | |
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| Relevance Theory | |
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| Indirect force | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Further reading | |
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| The dark side | |
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| Metaphor | |
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| Overview | |
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| A philosophical bias | |
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| The issues, and two simple theories | |
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| Davidson's causal theory | |
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| The Naive Simile Theory | |
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| The Figurative Simile Theory | |
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| The Pragmatic Theory | |
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| Metaphor as analogical | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |