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Theory of African American Offending Race, Racism, and Crime

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ISBN-10: 041588358X

ISBN-13: 9780415883580

Edition: 2011

Authors: James D. Unnever, Shaun L. Gabbidon

List price: $39.99
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Book details

List price: $39.99
Copyright year: 2011
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group
Publication date: 3/28/2011
Binding: Paperback
Pages: 270
Size: 6.00" wide x 9.00" long x 0.75" tall
Weight: 1.232
Language: English

Shaun L. Gabbidon is Distinguished Professor of Criminal Justice in the School of Public Affairs at Penn State Harrisburg. He earned his PhD in Criminology at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Gabbidon has served as a fellow at Harvard University's W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for Afro-American Research and as an adjunct faculty member in the Center for Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. His areas of interest include race and crime, criminal justice and criminology pedagogy, and private security.nbsp; Professor Gabbidon is the author of more than 100 scholarly publications, including 60 peer-reviewed articles and 11 books.nbsp;

Preface
African American Offending
Introduction
African Americans and the Criminal Justice System
The Uniqueness of Being Black in America: The Need for a Black Criminology
The African American Heritage
A Black Criminology
General Theories on African American Offending
Social Disorganization Theory
Hirschi's Social Control Theory
Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime
Strain Theories
Merton's Strain Theory
Agnew's General Strain Theory
Aker's Social Learning Theory
Afrocentricity
Conclusion
An African American Worldview
The Basic Premise of Our Theory of African American Offending
The Racial Divide
Evidence of a General Racial Divide
Hurrticane Katrina
Does Race Matter?
Success of the Civil Rights Movement
Reparations and Race Relations
The Racial Divide in Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System
The Racial Divide in Support for the Death Penalty
The Racial Divide in Perceptions of Injustice in the Criminal Justice System
The Racial Divide in Support for the �War on Drugs�
A Worldview that is Shared Among all African Americans
Why African Americans Share this Perception of the Criminal Justice System
The Election of Barack Obama
Perceived Racial Discrimination
Would Employers Rather Hire Whites than African Americans?
Perceptions of Racial Discrimination
Conclusions
Perceptions of Criminal Justice Injustices and African American Offending
Perceptions of Criminal Justice Injustices
Why People Obey the Law
Procedural Justice
Legal Socialization
Perceptions of Criminal Justice Injustices and Defiance
Shame, Anger, and Defiance
Hirschi's Control Theory and the Bond of Belief
Variations in African American Offending
Variations in the Degree to which African Americans Perceive Criminal Justice Injustices
Variations in Place
Variations in Defiance
Variations by Gender
Racial Discrimination, Negative Stereotypes, Stereotype Threats, and African American Offending
Racial Discrimination and the General Well-Being of African Americans
Racial Discrimination and African American Offending
Racial Discrimination and Weak School Bonds
Stereotypes of African Americans
Prevailing Racial Stereotypes
The Impact that Negative Stereotypes Have on African Americans
Stereotypes and Offending
Stereotype Threat and Weak Social Bonds
Stereotype Threats
Stereotype Threat, Weak Bonds, and African American Offending
Pejorative Stereotypes and Offending
Summary
White Collar Crime
Gender and Crime
The Significance of Place
Conclusions
Racial Socialization and African American Offending
Introduction
The Different Dimensions of Racial Socialization
Cultural Socialization
Preparation for Racial Bias
Promotion of Mistrust
Egalitarian Values
Racial Socialization and Racial Identity
Racial Identity and Offending
Racial Socialization and Gender
Racial Socialization and Social Bonds
Racial Socialization and the Black Church
Racial Socialization, Racial Discrimination, Hostility, Depression, and Offending
Coping with Racism
Our Theory on Racial Socialization and Offending
Racial Socialization and Weak Bonds
Gender and African American Offending
Drugs, Gender, and Crime
Racial Socialization, Place, and Offending
Why Place Matters
A Theoretical Model of African American Offending
The Unique Worldview of African Americans
African American Offending and Criminal Justice Injustices
Criminal justice Injustices and Weakening the Restraints of the Rule of Law
African American Offending and Racial Discrimination
Negative Stereotypes
Individual Offending
Variations in Experiences with Racial Injustices
Variations in Racial Socialization
Our Theoretical Model of African American Offending
Gender and African American Offending
Place Matters
Ethnic Differences in African American Offending
Ethnicity and Immigration Status
Colorism
Conclusion
Epilogue: Environmental Racism and African American Offending
Introduction
Environmental Racism
The Empirical Research on Environmental Racism
Race and Proximity to Environmental Toxins
The Health Effects of Environmental Racism
The Deleterious Consequences of Exposure to Lead
Lead Exposure and Cognitive Impairment
Lead Exposure and Education
Lead Exposure and Crime
Lead Exposure and African American Offending
Our Theory of African American Offending
Environmental Racism and African American Offending
Notes
References
Index