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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The economics of space heating plants | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The economics | |
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| Energy consumption | |
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| Estimation of indoor heat gains (Q[subscript g]) | |
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| Standard Degree Days | |
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| Calculation of Standard Degree Days | |
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| Standard Degree Days to different Base temperatures | |
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| Research into Standard Degree Days | |
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| Limitations of the SDD method of estimating annual energy consumption | |
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| Chapter closure | |
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| Estimating energy consumption - Continuous space heating | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Estimating procedures for continuously heated buildings | |
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| Adoption of equivalent hours of operation at full load | |
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| Qualifying remarks | |
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| Chapter closure | |
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| Intermittent space heating | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The estimation of annual energy demand | |
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| The estimation of annual fuel consumption for offices | |
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| The estimation of annual fuel costs for a school | |
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| Qualifying remarks | |
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| The estimation of annual fuel consumption for a factory | |
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| The estimation of annual fuel cost for a house | |
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| The estimation of annual fuel cost for a tempered air system | |
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| Reducing fossil fuel consumption in the existing building stock | |
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| Further qualifying remarks relating to the case studies | |
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| Limitations related to Standard Degree Days | |
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| Chapter closure | |
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| Estimating the annual cost for the provision of hot water supply | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Factors to be considered | |
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| Hot water supply requirements and boiler power | |
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| The annual estimate calculation process | |
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| Estimating annual energy consumption | |
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| An alternative method of estimating annual energy consumption | |
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| Chapter closure | |
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| Energy consumption for cooling loads | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Introduction | |
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| External heat gains | |
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| Factors affecting the estimation of external heat gains | |
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| Estimation of the indoor heat gains (Q[subscript g]) | |
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| Annual energy consumption - A more detailed analysis | |
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| Free cooling | |
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| Chapter closure | |
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| Performance Indicators | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Performance Indicators | |
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| Building benchmarks | |
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| Further analysis of Case study 3.5 | |
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| Carbon dioxide emissions | |
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| Annual carbon dioxide emission benchmarks/indices (CDI) | |
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| Further analysis of Case studies 3.1 and 3.2 | |
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| Chapter closure | |
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| Energy conservation strategies | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Energy transfer from point of extraction to point of use | |
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| Efficiency of space heating plants | |
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| Seasonal and base load demand and consumption | |
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| The energy conservation programme | |
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| The energy survey | |
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| The energy audit | |
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| Areas for energy saving | |
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| Heat recovery | |
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| Chapter closure | |
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| Cost-benefit analysis | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Simple payback | |
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| Discounted cash flow and present value | |
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| Effects of fuel inflation (Case study 8.1) | |
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| Effects of general inflation and fuel inflation | |
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| Net present value and comparison of different schemes | |
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| Loans | |
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| Whole life costs | |
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| Repair or replace | |
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| Chapter closure | |
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| Energy audits | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Preliminaries to an energy audit | |
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| Outcomes of the energy audit | |
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| Measurement of primary energy consumption | |
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| Primary energy tariffs | |
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| Presentation of data - A simple audit | |
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| Auditing a primary school | |
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| An energy audit for a small museum | |
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| Auditing a mixed use building | |
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| Presentation of data - A more detailed audit | |
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| Auditing a two-bed bungalow Case study 9.6 | |
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| Further source material | |
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| Chapter closure | |
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| Monitoring and targeting | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Monitoring procedures | |
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| Monitoring equipment | |
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| Correlation and linear regression analysis | |
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| Continuous performance monitoring using Degree Days | |
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| Continuous performance monitoring using mean daily outdoor temperature | |
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| Correcting fuel/energy consumption to a common time base | |
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| Performance monitoring using cumulative sum deviation | |
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| Chapter closure | |
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| Regulations relating to greenhouse gas emissions | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Climate Change Levy | |
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| The Energy Technology List | |
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| Enhanced Capital Allowances | |
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| The Carbon Trust | |
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| Carbon or carbon dioxide? | |
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| Emissions Trading Scheme | |
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| Levy Exemption Certificates | |
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| Renewable Obligation Certificates | |
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| The EU Energy Performance in Buildings Directive | |
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| Domestic dwellings | |
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| Contraction and convergence | |
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| British Electricity Trading and Transmission Arrangements | |
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| Towards sustainable reporting | |
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| Chapter closure | |
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| Trends in building services | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sustainable development | |
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| Whole life costing | |
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| Rethinking design and installation | |
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| Prefabrication | |
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| An energy-saving product | |
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| Energy-saving systems | |
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| Sustainable systems | |
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| Chapter closure | |
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| Standard Degree Day data | |
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| Energy conservation measures | |
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| Preventive maintenance measures - Performance condition monitoring | |
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| Benchmarking | |
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| Monitoring equipment | |
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| Cost-benefit tables | |
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| Levels and standards of artificial lighting | |
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| Source organisations | |
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| Source journals | |
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| Energy saving initiatives | |
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| Renewable energy | |
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| Word index | |
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| Index of examples and case studies | |