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| Instructor's preface | |
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| Student preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction and overview | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Fantastic voyage: fiber optics and endoscopes | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Optics: the science of light | |
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| Fiber optics applications in medicine: endoscopes and laparoscopes | |
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| Virtual reality in the operating room | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Lasers in medicine: healing with light | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What is a laser? | |
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| More on the science of light: beyond the rainbow | |
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| How lasers work | |
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| How light interacts with body tissues | |
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| Laser beams and spatial coherence | |
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| Cooking with light: photocoagulation | |
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| Trade-offs in photocoagulation: power density and heat flow | |
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| Cutting with light: photovaporization | |
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| More power: pulsed lasers | |
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| Lasers and color | |
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| The atomic origins of absorption | |
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| How selective absorption is used in laser surgery | |
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| Lasers in dermatology | |
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| Laser surgery on the eye | |
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| New directions: lasers in dentistry | |
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| Advantages and drawbacks of lasers for medicine | |
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| New directions: photodynamic therapy--killing tumors with light | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Seeing with sound: diagnostic ultrasound imaging | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sound waves | |
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| What is ultrasound | |
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| Ultrasound and energy | |
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| How echoes are formed | |
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| How to produce ultrasound | |
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| Images from echoes | |
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| Ultrasound scanner design | |
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| Ultrasound is absorbed by the body | |
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| Limitations of ultrasound: image quality and artifacts | |
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| How safe is ultrasound imaging? | |
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| Obstetrical ultrasound imaging | |
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| Echocardiography: ultrasound images of the heart | |
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| Origins of the Doppler effect | |
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| Using the Doppler effect to measure blood flow | |
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| Color flow images | |
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| New directions: three-dimensional ultrasound | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| X-ray vision: diagnostic x-rays and CT scans | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Diagnostic x-rays: the body's x-ray shadow | |
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| Types of x-ray interactions with matter | |
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| Basic issues in x-ray image formation | |
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| Contrast media make soft tissues visible on an x-ray | |
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| How x-rays are generated | |
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| X-ray detectors | |
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| Mammography: x-ray screening for breast cancer | |
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| Image arithmetic: digital radiography | |
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| Computed tomography (CT) | |
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| Application: spotting brittle bones--bone mineral scans for osteoporosis | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Images from radioactivity: radionuclide scans, SPECT, and PET | |
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| Introduction: radioactivity and medicine | |
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| Nuclear physics basics | |
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| Radioactivity fades with time: the concept of half-lives | |
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| Gamma camera imaging | |
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| Emission tomography with radionuclides: SPECT and PET | |
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| Application: emission computed tomography studies of the brain | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Radiation therapy and radiation safety in medicine | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Measuring radioactivity and radiation | |
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| Origins of the biological effects of ionizing radiation | |
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| The two regimes of radiation damage: radiation sickness and cancer risk | |
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| Radiation therapy: killing tumors with radiation | |
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| New directions in radiation therapy | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Magnetic resonance imaging | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The science of magnetism | |
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| Nuclear magnetism | |
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| Contrast mechanisms for MRI | |
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| Listening to spin echoes | |
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| How MRI maps the body | |
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| How safe is MRI? | |
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| Creating better contrast | |
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| Sports medicine and MRI | |
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| Breast imaging with MRI | |
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| Mapping body chemistry with MR spectroscopy | |
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| Brain mapping and functional MRI | |
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| Suggested reading | |
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| Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Index | |