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| List of figures | |
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| List of tables | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What is a tool? | |
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| Tools as 'augmentation means' | |
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| Everyday cognition | |
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| Forms of engagement | |
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| The structure of the book | |
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| How animals use tools | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Tool use by insects, crustaceans and fish | |
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| Tool use by birds | |
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| Tool use by mammals | |
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| Motor engagement: preadaptive or goal-directed? | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Tool use by primates and young children | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Tool use by chimpanzees in the wild | |
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| Tool use by primates in the wild | |
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| Tool use by primates in captivity | |
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| Primate and human infant development | |
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| Cultural engagement | |
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| Discussion | |
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| The making of tools | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Making stone tools | |
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| Studies of primates working stone | |
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| Types of stone tools | |
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| Cultural engagement | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Working with tools | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Tacit knowledge | |
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| Forms of engagement | |
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| Discussion | |
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| The design of tools | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Anthropometry of the human hand | |
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| Properties of tools | |
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| Using tools: posture, balance and activity | |
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| Basic principles of tool design | |
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| The semantics of tools | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Product semantics | |
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| Signifying form | |
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| Aesthetics | |
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| Signifying function | |
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| Signifying operation | |
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| Tools as 'objects to think with' | |
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| Cultural significations | |
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| Physical tools/cognitive tools | |
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| Discussion | |
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| How tool use breaks down | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Human error | |
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| Accidents and injuries when using tools | |
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| Tool use and motor impairment | |
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| Apraxia | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Cognitive artefacts | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Artefacts and human performance | |
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| Activity flow | |
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| Tools as cognitive artefacts | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Tools in the twenty-first century | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Divisions of labour/allocation of function | |
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| Virtual tools | |
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| Real objects in virtual spaces | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Towards a theory of tool use | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Cognition | |
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| Environmental and morphological engagement: types of affordance | |
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| Motor engagement: task-specific devices | |
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| Perceptual engagement: interpreting feedback | |
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| Cognitive engagement: cognitive schema | |
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| Cultural engagement: representing activity | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Forms of engagement | |
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| Contrasting animal with human tool-use | |
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| Developing a theory of tool use | |
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| Relating schema to forms of engagement | |
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| Influencing design | |
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| Discussion | |
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| References | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Name index | |
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| Subject index | |