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| Introduction | |
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| How to use this book Glossary | |
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| Structures and sounds | |
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| Vowels | |
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| Dipthongs | |
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| Consonants | |
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| Stress | |
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| Word order | |
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| Simple sentences and main clauses | |
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| Two main clauses | |
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| Direct questions and commands | |
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| Subordinate clauses | |
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| Indirect questions | |
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| Relative clauses | |
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| Order of adverbials | |
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| Noun and pronoun objects | |
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| Position of nicht | |
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| Position of reflexive pronouns | |
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| Flexible word order and emphasis | |
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| The case system | |
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| The cases | |
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| The nominative | |
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| The accusative | |
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| The dative | |
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| The genitive | |
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| Apposition | |
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| Nouns | |
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| The article | |
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| Use of the articles | |
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| Determiners | |
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| Gender | |
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| Compound nouns and acronyms | |
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| Gender variations | |
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| Noun declensions | |
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| Plurals V Pronouns | |
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| Pronoun reference and forms | |
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| Other forms used as pronouns | |
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| Pronouns used after prepositions | |
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| Verbs | |
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| Verb forms | |
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| Use of tenses | |
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| Modal verbs | |
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| Separable and inseparable verbs | |
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| Reflexive verbs | |
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| Prepositional verbs | |
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| The subjunctive | |
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| The passive | |
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| Imperatives | |
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| Verbs and their completion: the basic sentence patterns | |
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| Adjectives and adverbs | |
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| Predicative and attributive adjectives | |
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| Der declension | |
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| Ein declension | |
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| Zero declension | |
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| Other adjective types | |
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| Comparison of adjectives | |
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| Extended adjectival phrases | |
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| Adverbs | |
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| Comparison of adverbs | |
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| Word structure and word formation | |
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| Principles of word formation | |
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| Forming verbs | |
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| Forming nouns | |
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| Forming adjectives | |
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| Forming adverbs | |
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| The meaning of verbal prefixes | |
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| Style and orthography | |
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| Formal and informal style | |
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| Spelling and punctuation | |
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| Functions | |
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| Social contract | |
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| Greeting | |
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| Making introductions | |
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| Taking leave | |
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| Eating and drinking | |
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| Giving and receiving complements | |
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| Expressing commiseration | |
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| Expressing good wishes | |
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| Giving and receiving thanks, expressing appreciation | |
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| Expressing apologies and regret | |
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| Giving and seeking factual information | |
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| Talking and enquiring about existence | |
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| Talking and enquiring about absence and non-existence | |
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| Expressing and enquiring about availability | |
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| Talking about non-availability | |
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| Identifying and seeking idenfication | |
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| Describing people | |
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| Describing objects | |
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| Describing actions and processes | |
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| Avoiding describing the agent of processes and actions | |
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| Describing origins and provenance | |
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| Putting events into a wider context | |
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| Giving reasons and purpose | |
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| Providing spatial context | |
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| Providing temporal context | |
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| Talking about cause and effect | |
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| Drawing conclusions with reference to sources | |
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| Referring to sources of information | |
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| Reporting other people''s words and claims | |
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| Expressing necessity | |
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| Expressing ability to do something | |
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| Conveying doubt and certainty | |
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| Expressing assumptions, discussing possibility, probablity and conditions | |
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| Transactions: getting things done | |
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| Attracting attention | |
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| Helping and advising | |
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| Asking for something to be done | |
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| Expressing needs, wishes and desires | |
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| Expressing objections and complaints | |
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| Giving and seeking promises and assurances | |
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| Issuing, accepting and declining invitations and offers | |
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| Seeking, granting and denying permission | |
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| Making, accepting and declining suggestions | |
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| Issuing and responding to warnings | |
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| Conveying attitudes and mental states | |
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| Asserting and denying the truth of something | |
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| Expressing knowledge | |
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| Remembering and forgetting | |
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| Expressing future intentions | |
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| Expressing likes and dislikes: people, things and situations | |
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| Indicating preferences | |
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| Expressing indifference | |
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| Voicing opinion | |
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| Expressing firm convictions | |
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| Expressing agreement and disagreement | |
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| Talking about physical well being | |
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| Expressing happiness, fear and sadness | |
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| Expressing satisfaction and dissatisfaction | |
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| Expressing hopes, wishes and disappointment | |
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| Expressing surprise | |
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| Expressing enjoyment and pleasure | |
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| Communication startegies | |
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| Using fillers | |
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| Keeping the channel ope | |