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| Preface | |
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| Comparing Islam and Judaism in Particular | |
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| Why Compare Religions and Why Compare their Laws? | |
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| The Nonotheist Religions, Judaism, Christianity, Islam | |
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| Which Judaism, Which Islam, and Why? | |
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| Category Formations: Comparing Incomparables | |
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| Shared Structure | |
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| Shared Disproportionate Categories | |
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| Where They Say Much the Same Thing about the Same Topic | |
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| Where They Say Different Things about the Same Topic | |
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| Unique Categories: Areas Where They Do Not Intersect | |
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| The Authoritative Documents of Judaism and Islam | |
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| Where Do We Look for the Law? | |
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| The Written Torah and the Oral Torah: Scripture, the Mishnah and the Talmuds | |
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| Scripture: The Written Torah | |
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| Mishnah: The Oral Torah | |
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| The Talmuds C. Islamic Counterparts | |
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| Scripture: The Qur'an | |
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| Tradition: The Sunna | |
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| Fiqh | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| The Intellectual Sources of the Law | |
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| How Do the Authorities of the Law Reason? | |
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| Islam: Consensus, Reasoning, Exceptions | |
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| Consensus (Ijma') | |
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| Reasoning (ijtihad) | |
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| Exceptions | |
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| Judaic Counterparts: Exegesis, Logic, Argument, Dialectics | |
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| Exegesis: Midrash Halakhah | |
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| The Mishnah's Applied Logic of Hierarchical Classification | |
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| The Argument of Analogy and Contrast | |
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| The Talmud's Dialectics | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| The Working of the Law: Institutions | |
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| Institutional Authority | |
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| The Israelite Court in the Legal Narrative of Islam | |
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| Legitimacy | |
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| Courts' Jurisdiction | |
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| Evidence | |
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| Punishments | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| The Working of the Law: Personnel | |
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| Bases of Authority | |
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| Islam | |
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| Legal Scholars (Fuqaha') | |
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| Judges | |
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| Muftis | |
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| Judaism: The sage | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Disproportions | |
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| Temple Law and Sacrifice | |
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| Temple Law and Sacrifice in Judaism | |
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| Sacrifice in Islam | |
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| Slave Laws in Islam and Judaism | |
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| Slave Laws in Islam | |
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| Slave Laws in Judaism | |
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| Sacred Time/Sabbath in Judaism and Sacred Time/Pilgrimage Islam | |
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| Judaism: Sacred Time/Sabbath | |
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| Islam: Sacred Time/Pilgrimage | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Unique Categories | |
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| The Unique Category | |
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| Enlandisement (Judaism) | |
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| Jihad (Islam) | |
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| The Sage and Torah Study in Judaism | |
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| Khilafah and the Legal Scholars in Islam | |
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| History, Time, and Paradigm in Judaism | |
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| History in Islam | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Comparisons Up Close | |
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| Judaism and Islam: Comparisons in the Context of World | |
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| Religions | |
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| Index | |