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List of Figures | |
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Aknowledgements | |
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Values and the environment | |
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Environments and values | |
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Living from the world | |
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Living in the world | |
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Living with the world | |
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Addressing value conflicts | |
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Value conflicts | |
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The distribution of goods and harms | |
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Addressing conflicts | |
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Utilitarian approaches to environmental decision making | |
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Human well-being and the natural world | |
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Introduction | |
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Welfare: hedonism, preferences and objective lists | |
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The hedonistic account of well-being | |
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Bentham and the felicific calculus | |
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John Stuart Mill | |
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Preference utilitarianism | |
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Objectivist accounts of welfare | |
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Whose well-being counts? | |
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Making comparisons: utilitarianism, economics and efficiency | |
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Consequentialism and its critics | |
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Introduction | |
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Consequentialism permits too much | |
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What is the problem with consequentialism? The moral standing of individuals | |
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Rights, conflicts and community | |
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Consequentialism demands too much | |
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What is the problem with consequentialism? Agent-based restrictions on action | |
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Virtues and environmental concern | |
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Consequentialist responses | |
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Indirect utilitarianism | |
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Extend the account of the good | |
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Ethical pluralism and the limits of theory | |
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Equality, justice and environment | |
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Utilitarianism and distribution | |
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Equality in moral standing | |
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Indirect utilitarian arguments for distributive equality | |
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Economics, efficiency and equality | |
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Willingness to pay | |
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The Kaldor-Hicks compensation test | |
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Discounting the future | |
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Egalitarian ethics | |
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Consequentialism without maximisation | |
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The priority view | |
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Telic egalitarianism | |
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Deontological responses | |
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Community, character and equality | |
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Equality of what? | |
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Value pluralism, value commensurability and environmental choice | |
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Value monism | |
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Value pluralism | |
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Trading-off values | |
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Constitutive incommensurabilities | |
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Value pluralism, consequentialism, and the alternatives | |
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Structural pluralism | |
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Choice without commensurability | |
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What can we expect from a theory of rational choice? | |
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A new environmental ethic? | |
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The moral considerability of the non-human world | |
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New ethics for old? | |
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Moral considerability | |
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Extending the boundaries of moral considerability | |
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New theories for old? | |
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Environment, meta-ethics and intrinsic value | |
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Meta-ethics and normative ethics | |
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Intrinsic value | |
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Is the rejection of meta-ethical realism compatible with an environmental ethic? | |
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Objective value and the flourishing of living things | |
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Environmental ethics through thick and thin | |
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Nature and the natural | |
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Valuing the 'natural' | |
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The complexity of 'nature' | |
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Some distinctions | |
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Natural and artificial | |
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Natural and cultural | |
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Nature as wilderness | |
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The value of natural things | |
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Nature conservation | |
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A paradox? | |
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On restoring the value of nature | |
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Restitutive ecology | |
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History, narrative and environmental goods | |
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The narratives of nature | |
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Nature and narrative | |
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Three walks | |
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History and processes as sources of value | |
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Going back to nature? | |
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Old worlds and new | |
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Narrative and nature | |
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Biodiversity: biology as biography | |
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The itemising approach to environmental values | |
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The nature of biodiversity - conceptual clarifications | |
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The attractions of itemisation | |
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Biodiversity and environmental sustainability | |
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Time, history and biodiversity | |
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The dangers of moral trumps | |
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Sustainability and human well-being | |
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Sustainability: of what, for whom and why? | |
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Economic accounts of sustainability | |
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Sustainability: weak and strong | |
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Human well-being and subsistutability | |
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From preferences to needs | |
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Narrative, human well-being and sustainability | |
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Sustainability without capital | |
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Public decisions and environmental goods | |
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Procedural rationality and deliberative institutions | |
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Decisions in context | |
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Responsibility and character | |
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What makes for good decisions? | |
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Bibliography | |
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Index | |