| |
| |
| |
The North and South Compared DOCUMENTS Lydia Maria Child Describes How Slavery Harms the South, 1833 | |
| |
| |
Frederick Law Olmsted Observes Southern Lassitude, 1854 | |
| |
| |
Hinton Rowan Helper Decries Southern Economic Backwardness, 1857 | |
| |
| |
Frederick Law Olmsted Criticizes the South's Lack of Material Progress, 1861 | |
| |
| |
James Henry Hammond Claims Southern Cultural Superiority, 1845 George Fitzhugh Praises Southern Society, 1854 | |
| |
| |
J.D.B. DeBow Explains Why Non-Slaveholders Should Support Slavery, 1860 | |
| |
| |
Essays | |
| |
| |
Edward Pessen, The Similarities Between the Antebellum North and South James M. McPherson | |
| |
| |
The Differences Between the Antebellum North and South | |
| |
| |
| |
Sectional Politics in the 1850s DOCUMENTS | |
| |
| |
Independent Democrats Protest the Kansas-Nebraska Act, January 1854 | |
| |
| |
Senator Stephen Douglas Explains the Objectives of His Bill, February 1854 | |
| |
| |
Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts Ridicules the Southern Gentry, May 1856 | |
| |
| |
Congressman John S. Bocock of Virginia Defends Preston Brooks, July 1856 | |
| |
| |
Senator William Henry Seward of New York Warns of an Irrepressible Conflict, October 1858 | |
| |
| |
Senator Albert G. Brown of Mississippi Renounces the Protection of the Union, December 1859 | |
| |
| |
Essays | |
| |
| |
William E. Gienapp, The Caning of Charles Sumner and the Rise of the Republican Party Don E. Fehrenbacher, Kansas, Republicanism, and the Crisis of the Union | |
| |
| |
| |
The Secession Crisis DOCUMENTS | |
| |
| |
President-Elect Lincoln Explains What Is at Stake, December 1860 | |
| |
| |
Congressman John A. Gilmer of North Carolina Urges Delay and Conciliation, March 1861 | |
| |
| |
Secretary of State Seward Advises Restraint, March 1861 | |
| |
| |
Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia Advises Against Secession, November 1860 Senator Robert Toombs of Georgia Defends His Own and His State's Honor, November 1860 | |
| |
| |
The Raleigh North Carolina Standard Weighs Honor and Secession, December 1860 | |
| |
| |
Essays | |
| |
| |
Kenneth M. Stampp, Lincoln and the Secession Crisis Bertram Wyatt-Brown, Honor and Secession | |
| |
| |
| |
Fighting the War: The Generals DOCUMENTS | |
| |
| |
General McClellan Gives a Lesson in Grand Strategy, July 1862 | |
| |
| |
General Robert E. Lee Takes the Offensive, September 1862 | |
| |
| |
General Edward Porter Alexander, C.S.A., Assesses Lee and McClellan at Antietam, September 1862 | |
| |
| |
General Alexander Later Criticizes the Confederacy's Conduct of the War, c. 1900 | |
| |
| |
General Henry W. Halleck, U.S.A., Acknowledges that the War Has Changed Course, March 1863 | |
| |
| |
The Union Army Redefines the Rules of War: Liebers Code, May 1863 | |
| |
| |
General William T. Sherman Explains How the War Has Changed, September 1864 | |
| |
| |
General Ulysses S. Grant Reports His Assignment Accomplished, July 1865 | |
| |
| |
Essays | |
| |
| |
Gary W. Gallacher, The Maryland Campaign in Perspective Mark Grimsley, Gestures of Mercy, Pillars of Fire | |
| |
| |
| |
Fighting the War: The Soldiers DOCUMENTS Eugene Blackford, C.S.A., Describes His First Experience with Combat, July 1861 | |
| |
| |
John Dooley, C.S.A., Acknowledges the Persistence of Fear, (Undated) | |
| |
| |
Charles Harvey Brewster, U.S.A., Assesses the Contribution of His Family and Community to the War, July 1862 | |
| |
| |
Robert Gould Shaw, U.S.A., Describes His Reaction to Antietam and to Possible Emancipation, September 1862 | |
| |
| |
Wilbur Fisk, U.S.A., Discusses Morale Among the Soldiers, April 1863 | |
| |
| |
Tally Simpson, C.S.A., Reports on the Aftermath of Gettysburg, July 1863 | |
| |
| |
Walt Whitman Speculates that The Real War Will Never Get in the Books, 18821883 | |
| |
| |
Essays | |
| |
| |
David W. Blight, A Union Soldier's Experience Reid Mitchell, From Volunteer to Soldier: The Psychology of Service | |
| |
| |
| |
Abraham Lincoln as Political and Military Leader DOCUMENTS | |
| |
| |
Lincoln Explains His Paramount Object of Saving the Union, August 1862 | |
| |
| |
Salmon P. Chase Reports Lincoln's Decision on Emancipation, September 1862 | |
| |
| |
Lincoln Proclaims the Meaning of the Conflict: The Gettysburg Address, November 1863 | |
| |
| |
Lincoln Recounts How He Proceeded Toward Emancipation, April 1864 | |
| |
| |
Lincoln Reveals an Early Grasp of Military Strategy, January 1862 | |
| |
| |
Lincoln Advises Against Engaging Lee's Army After Gettysburg, September 1863 | |
| |
| |
Wendell Phillips Criticizes Lincoln's War Policy, August 1862 | |
| |
| |
Congressman Clement L. Valladigham Condemns the Northern War Effort, January 1863 | |
| |
| |
Essays | |
| |
| |
Phillip Shaw Paludan, Emancipating the Republic: Lincoln and the Means and Ends of Antislavery James M. McPherson, Tried by War: Lincoln As Self-Taught Strategist | |
| |
| |
| |
The Northern Home Front DOCUMENTS | |
| |
| |
Henry W. Bellows Explains the Work and Goals of the Sanitary Commission, January 1864 | |
| |
| |
President Lincoln Addresses the Philadelphia Central Fair, June 1864 | |
| |
| |
Mary Livermore Recounts How She Organized the Northwestern Sanitary Fair in 1864, 1889 | |
| |
| |
Martin Ryerson Reports How Workers Are Reacting to the Draft, July 1863 | |
| |
| |
Trade Union Members Call for an International Industrial Assembly of North America, August 1864 | |
| |
| |
Cincinnati Sewing Women Protest Their Wartime Wages, February 1865 | |
| |
| |
Essays | |
| |
| |
J. Matthew Gallman, Voluntarism in Wartime: Philadelphia's Great Central Fair Phillip Shaw Paludan, Industrial Workers and the Costs of War | |
| |
| |
| |
The Southern Home Front DOCUMENTS | |
| |
| |
President Davis Explains the Confederate Cause, December 1862 | |
| |
| |
Governor Joseph E. Brown of Georgia Denounces Confederate Policy, September 1862 | |
| |
| |
Plain Folk Protest the Burden of the War, February 1863 | |
| |
| |
Vice-President Stephens Recommends an Alternative Confederate Strategy, January 1864 | |
| |
| |
The North Carolina Legislature Protests the Confederate Draft and Martial Law, May 1864 | |
| |
| |
The Raleigh Standard Urges North Carolina Voters to Endorse a Negotiated Peace, July 1864 | |
| |
| |
Congressman Warren Aiken of Georgia Contemplates the Fate of Slavery, October 1864 | |
| |
| |
Essays | |
| |
| |
Marc W. Kruman, Dissent in the Confederacy: The North Carolina Experience J. William Harris, Strains of War | |
| |
| |
| |
Women in Wartime DOCUMENTS | |
| |
| |
Hannah Ropes Expresses the Frustration of a Union Nurse, October 1862 | |
| |
| |
Kate Cumming Criticizes Southern Women, September 1863 | |
| |
| |
Phoebe Pember Commends Southern Women, (Undated) | |
| |
| |
Susie King Taylor Describes Her Role in Union Army Camps, 1864 | |
| |
| |
Mary Livermore Explains the Role of Women in the Union War Effort, 1889 | |
| |
| |
Gertrude Thomas Finds Confederate Prospects Gloomy, November 1864 | |
| |
| |
Catherine Edmondston of North Carolina Discusses Matters Public and Domestic, January 1865 | |
| |
| |
Cornelia Peake McDonald Comments on Class and Conscription, March 1865 | |
| |
| |
Essays | |
| |
| |
Elizabeth D. Leonard, Civil War Nurse, Civil War Nursing: Rebecca Usher of Maine Drew Gilpin Faust, Patriotism, Sacrifice, and Self-Interest | |
| |
| |
| |
Emancipation DOCUMENTS | |
| |
| |
General Benjamin F. Butler Discovers the "Contrabands," July | |
| |
| |
1861 The Freedmen's Inquiry Commission Considers Policy Toward the Ex-Slaves, June 1863 | |
| |
| |
President Lincoln Defends Emancipation, August 1863 | |
| |
| |
The U.S. Adjutant General Describes the Condition of Fleeing Slaves, August 1863 | |
| |
| |
Joseph Miller, U.S.A., Protests the Mistreatment of His Family by the U.S. Army, November 1864 | |
| |
| |
James H. Payne, U.S.A., Complains of Racial Discrimination on the Battlefield, August 1864 | |
| |
| |
Frederick Douglass States the Freedmen's Demands, April 1865 | |
| |
| |
Gertrude Thomas Is Upset That Her Slaves Are Leaving, May 1865 | |
| |
| |
Essays | |
| |
| |
Ira Berlin, Who Freed the Slaves? Emancipation and Its Meaning Joseph T. Glatthaar, Black Glory: The African-American Role in Union Victory | |
| |
| |
| |
Congress's Terms for the Defeated South DOCUMENTS | |
| |
| |
Richard H. Dana, Jr., Presents His "Grasp of War" Theory, June 1865 | |
| |
| |
Senator Lyman Trumbull of Illinois Explains His Civil Rights Bill, January | |