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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Literary Forms | |
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| Drama | |
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| Comedy | |
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| High and low comedy | |
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| Farce | |
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| Romantic comedy | |
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| Comedy of manners | |
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| Stock characters | |
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| Tragedy | |
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| Classical tragedy | |
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| Senecan tragedy | |
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| Revenge tragedy | |
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| Domestic tragedy | |
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| Tragicomedy | |
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| Theater of the Absurd | |
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| Periods of Drama | |
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| Ancient Greek | |
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| Roman | |
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| English medieval | |
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| Morality plays | |
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| Mystery plays | |
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| Elizabethan and Jacobean | |
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| Restoration and Eighteenth Century | |
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| Modern | |
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| Fiction | |
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| Novel | |
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| Novel of incident | |
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| Novel of character | |
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| Realistic novel | |
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| Romance | |
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| Bildungsroman | |
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| Historical novel | |
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| Epistolary novel | |
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| Anrinovel | |
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| Metafiction | |
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| Short Story | |
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| Novella | |
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| Poetry | |
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| Verse | |
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| Epic Poetry | |
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| Dramatic Poetry | |
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| Lyric Poetry | |
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| Specialized Forms | |
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| Dramatic Monologue | |
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| Exercise: Dramatic Monologue | |
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| Epigram | |
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| Aphorism | |
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| Exercise: Epigram | |
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| Satire | |
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| Direct (formal) satire | |
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| Indirect satire | |
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| Horatian satire | |
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| Juvenalian satire | |
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| Exercise: Satire | |
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| Figurative Language | |
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| Figures of Thought (Tropes) | |
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| Simile | |
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| Metaphor | |
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| Tenor | |
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| Vehicle | |
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| Mixed metaphor | |
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| Extended metaphor | |
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| Subtext | |
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| Exercises: Similes and Metaphors | |
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| Personification | |
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| Allegory | |
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| Pathetic fallacy | |
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| Synecdoche | |
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| Metonymy | |
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| Exercise: Personification, Pathetic Fallacy, Synecdoche, and Metonymy | |
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| Irony | |
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| Verbal irony | |
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| Sarcasm | |
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| Structural irony | |
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| Unreliable narrator | |
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| Dramatic irony | |
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| Tragic irony | |
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| Cosmic irony | |
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| Exercises: Irony | |
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| Tropes Dependent on Contrasting Levels of Meaning | |
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| Hyperbole | |
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| Understatement | |
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| Paradox | |
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| Oxymoron | |
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| Litotes | |
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| Periphrasis | |
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| Pun | |
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| Equivoque | |
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| Exercise: Tropes Dependent on Contrasting Levels of Meaning | |
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| Figures of Speech (Schemes) | |
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| Apostrophe | |
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| Invocation | |
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| Rhetorical Question | |
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| Anaphora | |
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| Antithesis | |
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| Chiasmus | |
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| Exercise: Figures of Speech (Schemes) | |
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| Rhetorical Strategies | |
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| Diction | |
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| Formal vs. colloquial language | |
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| Abstract vs. concrete language | |
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| Poetic diction | |
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| Allusion | |
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| Analogy | |
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| Exercises: Allusion, Analogy, and Diction | |
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| Imagery | |
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| Symbolism | |
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| Atmosphere | |
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| Exercises: Imagery, Symbolism, and Atmosphere | |
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| Repetition | |
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| Selection and Order of Details | |
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| Epiphany | |
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| Exercises: Repetition, Selection and Order of Details, and Epiphany | |
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| Narration | |
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| Voice | |
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| Narrator | |
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| Point of View | |
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| First-Person | |
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| Third-Person | |
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| Third-person omniscient | |
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| Intrusive narrator | |
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| Objective narrator | |
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| Narrator in drama | |
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| Third-person limited | |
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| Stream of consciousness | |
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| Second-person | |
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| Exercise: Point of View | |
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| Characterization | |
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| Flat Characters vs. Round Characters | |
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| Showing vs. Telling | |
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| Exercises: Characterization | |
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| Roles in the Plot | |
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| Protagonist | |
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| Hero, heroine | |
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| Antagonist | |
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| Villain | |
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| Foil | |
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| Exercises: Roles | |
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| Dialogue | |
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| Verisimilitude | |
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| Speech headings | |
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| Stage directions | |
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| Direct and indirect discourse | |
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| Repartee | |
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| Soliloquy | |
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| Aside | |
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| Exercise: Dialogue | |
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| Setting | |
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| Exercises: Setting | |
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| Theme | |
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| Tone | |
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| Pathos | |
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| Exercises: Theme and Tone | |
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| Structure | |
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| In Medias Res | |
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| Exposition | |
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| Flashback | |
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| Narrative Pace | |
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| Parenthetical Observation | |
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| Subplot | |
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| Shift in Style | |
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| Exercises: Structure | |
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| Syntax | |
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| Independent clause | |
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| Dependent clause | |
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| Subject | |
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| Simple subject | |
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| Complete subject | |
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| Predicate | |
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| Simple predicate | |
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| Complete predicate | |
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| Direct object | |
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| Indirect object | |
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| Appositive | |
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| Sentence Fragments | |
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| Kinds of Sentences | |
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| Simple sentence | |
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| Compound sentence | |
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| Coordinating conjunction | |
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| Complex sentence | |
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| Subordinate clause | |
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| Means of Linkage | |
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| Coordination | |
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| Subordination | |
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| Parallelism | |
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| Syntactical Order | |
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| Loose sentence (cumulative sentence) | |
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| Periodic sentence | |
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| Inversion | |
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| Sentence Variety | |
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| Exercises: Syntax | |
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| Prosody | |
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| Meter | |
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| Quantitative meter | |
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| Syllabic meter | |
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| Stress | |
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| Accentual meter | |
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| Accentual-syllabic meter | |
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| Foot | |
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| Metrical Feet | |
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| Iamb | |
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| Anapest | |
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| Trochee | |
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| Dactyl | |
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| Number of Feet in a Line | |
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| Mowometer | |
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| Dimeter | |
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| Trimeter | |
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| Tetrameter | |
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| Pentameter | |
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| Hexameter | |
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| Heptameter | |
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| Naming the Meter | |
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| Iambic pentameter | |
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| Trochaic trimeter | |
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| Dactylic tetrameter | |
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| Common Substitutions | |
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| Spondee | |
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| Catalexis | |
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| Masculine and feminine endings | |
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| Pauses within and between Lines of Verse | |
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| End-stopped lines | |
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| Enjambed lines | |
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| Caesura | |
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| Scansion | |
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| Exercises: Meter | |
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| Rhyme | |
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| End Rhyme | |
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| Double rhyme | |
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| Triple rhyme | |
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| Masculine rhyme | |
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| Feminine rhyme | |
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| Internal Rhyme | |
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| Rhyme Scheme | |
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| Perfect and Imperfect Rhyme | |
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| Eye rhyme | |
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| Half-rhyme (off-rhyme, slant rhyme, imperfect rhyme) | |
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| Exercise: Rhyme | |
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| Sound and Sound Patterns | |
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| Alliteration | |
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| Internal alliteration | |
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| Consonance | |
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| Assonance | |
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| Onomatopoeia | |
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| Exercises: Sound and Sound Patterns | |
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| Poetic Forms | |
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| Stanzas | |
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| Couplet | |
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| Heroic couplet | |
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| Closed couplet | |
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| Open couplet | |
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| Tercet (Triplet) | |
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| Terza rima | |
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| Quatrain | |
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| In Memoriam stanza | |
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| Ballad meter (common meter) | |
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| Refrain | |
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| Sonnet | |
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| Italian (Petrarchan) | |
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| English (Shakespearean) | |
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| Volta (turn) | |
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| Sonnet sequence | |
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| Curtal sonnet | |
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| Blank Verse | |
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| In poetry | |
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| In drama | |
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| Free Verse (Open Form Verse) | |
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| Exercises: Poetic Forms | |
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| MLA Style | |
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| MLA In-Text Documentation | |
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| Notes | |
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| MLA List of Works Cited | |
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| Sample Research Paper, MLA Style | |
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| Permissions Acknowledgments | |
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| Index of Terms | |