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| Series Editor's Preface | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview | |
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| Sources of Information about the Incas | |
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| Inca Civilization | |
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| Location of the Inca Civilization and Environmental Setting | |
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| Location | |
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| The Andean Environment | |
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| Andean Culture and Its Environment | |
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| Historical and Chronological Setting | |
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| European Discovery of the Incas | |
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| Andean History before the Incas | |
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| Development of Andean Cultural Chronology | |
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| Origins, Growth, and Decline of Inca Civilization | |
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| What the Incas Told the Spanish about Their Origins | |
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| What Scholars Have Learned about Inca Origins | |
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| The Inca Dynasty | |
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| Inca Rulers under Spanish Control | |
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| The Economic Structure of the Inca State | |
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| Subsistence Patterns | |
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| The Inca Imperial Economy | |
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| Social Organization and Social Structure | |
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| Estimating the Population of the Inca Empire | |
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| The Social Organization of Inca Civilization | |
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| The System of Social Classes | |
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| Life under Inca Rule | |
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| Inca Towns and Cities | |
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| The Political Structure of the Inca State | |
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| Inca Government | |
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| Inca Decimal Administration | |
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| Administrative Infrastructure | |
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| The Inca Army | |
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| Social Engineering and the Disposition of Conquered Territories | |
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| Political Relations between the Incas and Their Subjects | |
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| Internal Politics among the Incas | |
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| Religion and Ideology | |
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| Andean Cosmology | |
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| Inca State Ideology | |
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| Local-Level Ideology | |
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| Inca State Religion | |
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| Principal Rituals and Ceremonies of the State Religion | |
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| Principal Temples of the State Religion | |
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| Huacas: The Animistic Folk Religion | |
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| Material Culture | |
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| Pottery | |
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| Wooden Objects | |
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| Metal | |
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| Cloth | |
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| Stone | |
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| Shell and Bone | |
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| Architecture | |
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| Intellectual Accomplishments | |
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| Fine Arts | |
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| System of Measures | |
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| Language and Literacy | |
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| Inca Literacy, Mathematics, and Methods of Recording | |
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| Counting and Calculating Devices | |
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| Astronomical Knowledge | |
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| Current Assessments | |
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| Major Controversies and Future Directions in Inca Studies | |
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| Historicists vs. Structuralists: The Great Inca Debate | |
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| Issues in Inca Archaeology | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Resources for Further Study | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Author | |