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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Author to Reader | |
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| Progress in Knowledge | |
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| Kinds of Progress in Knowledge | |
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| Universal History | |
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| Primitive Man | |
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| Knowledge of Particulars | |
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| General Knowledge | |
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| Certain Knowledge | |
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| Knowledge and Happiness | |
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| Outline of the Book | |
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| Wisdom of the Ancients | |
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| Egypt | |
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| India | |
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| China | |
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| Mesopotamia | |
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| Aztec and Inca | |
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| Human Sacrifice | |
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| Judaism | |
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| Christianity | |
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| Judaism and Christianity Compared | |
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| Islam | |
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| Judeo-Christianity and Islam Compared | |
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| Buddhism | |
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| Lessons from the Past | |
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| Alphabets | |
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| Zero | |
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| The Greek Explosion | |
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| The Problem of Thales | |
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| The Invention of Mathematics: The Pythagoreans | |
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| The Discovery of Atomic Theory: Democritus | |
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| The Problem of Thales: The Ultimate Solution | |
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| Moral Truth and Political Expediency: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle | |
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| The Fallacy of the Consequent | |
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| Greece versus Persia: The Fruitful Conflict | |
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| The Tragedy of Athens | |
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| Herodotus, Thucydides, and the Invention of History | |
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| The Spirit of Greek Thought | |
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| What the Romans Knew | |
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| Greek Theory, Roman Practice | |
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| Law, Citizenship, and Roads | |
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| Lucretius | |
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| Cicero | |
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| Seneca | |
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| Tacitus | |
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| What the Romans Did Not Know | |
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| Light in the Dark Ages | |
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| The Fall of Rome | |
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| Post-Roman Europe | |
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| The Triumph of Christianity: Constantine the Great | |
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| The Promise of Christianity: Augustine | |
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| After the Fall | |
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| The Middle Ages: The Great Experiment | |
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| The Struggle for Subsistence | |
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| A World of Enemies | |
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| The Problem of God | |
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| The Science of Theology | |
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| Theology in Other Religions | |
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| Principles of Theocracy | |
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| Empire and Papacy | |
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| Monasticism | |
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| Crusaders | |
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| Millennial Fears, Postmillennial Achievements | |
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| The Dispute about Truth | |
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| Boethius | |
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| Pseudo-Dionysius | |
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| Avicenna | |
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| Peter Abelard | |
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| Bernard of Clairvaux | |
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| Averroes | |
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| Thomas Aquinas | |
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| The Pyrrhic Victory of Faith over Reason | |
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| Dante's Dance | |
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| What Was Reborn in the Renaissance? | |
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| The New Style in Painting: Perspective | |
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| Man in the Cosmos | |
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| The Revival of Classical Learning: Petrarch | |
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| Inventing the Renaissance: Boccaccio | |
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| The Renaissance Man | |
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| Renaissance Men: Leonardo, Pico, Bacon | |
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| The Renaissance Man and the Ideal of Liberal Education | |
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| Renaissance Humanism | |
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| Montaigne | |
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| Shakespeare | |
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| Cervantes | |
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| The Black Death | |
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| Gutenberg's Achievement | |
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| Renaissance Cities | |
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| Nation-States | |
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| The Crisis of the Theocratic State | |
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| Erasmus | |
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| Thomas More | |
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| Henry VIII | |
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| Martin Luther | |
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| Tolerance and Intolerance | |
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| Man at the Center | |
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| Europe Reaches Out | |
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| Mongol Empires | |
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| Marco Polo | |
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| Voyages of Discovery | |
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| Columbus | |
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| Sailing Around the World | |
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| The Birth of World Trade | |
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| Trade in Ideas | |
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| Homage to Columbus | |
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| The Invention of Scientific Method | |
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| The Meaning of Science | |
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| Three Characteristics of Science | |
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| Aristotelian Science: Matter | |
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| Aristotelian Motion | |
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| The Revolt Against Aristotle | |
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| Copernicus | |
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| Tycho Brahe | |
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| Gilbert | |
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| Kepler | |
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| Galileo | |
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| Descartes | |
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| Newton | |
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| Rules of Reason | |
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| The Galilean-Cartesian Revolution | |
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| An Age of Revolutions | |
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| The Industrial Revolution | |
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| Human Machines and Mechanical Humans | |
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| An Age of Reason and Revolution | |
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| John Locke and the Revolution of 1688 | |
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| Property, Government, and Revolution | |
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| Two Kinds of Revolution | |
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| Thomas Jefferson and the Revolution of 1776 | |
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| The Declaration of Independence | |
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| Property in Rights | |
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| Robespierre, Napoleon, and the Revolution of 1789 | |
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| The Rise of Equality | |
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| Mozart's Don Giovanni | |
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| Goethe's Faust | |
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| The Nineteenth Century: Prelude to Modernity | |
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| The Difference Money Makes | |
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| Economic Life Before 1800: The Peasant | |
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| The Lord | |
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| The Cleric | |
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| The King | |
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| The Merchant | |
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| The Rise of the Labor Market: Economics | |
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| Faustian Development | |
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| Marxism: Theory and Practice | |
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| Marxian Insights | |
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| Economic Facts: Steam Power | |
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| Equality in the Muzzle of a Gun | |
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| The Magic of Electricity | |
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| Magical Mathematics | |
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| New Ways of Seeing | |
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| The End of Slavery | |
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| Shocking the Bourgeoisie | |
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| Darwin and Freud | |
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| The World in 1914 | |
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| Economic Divisions | |
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| The Study of War | |
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| Colonialism | |
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| The Boer War | |
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| The Powder Keg of Europe | |
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| Character of the 1914-1918 War | |
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| Thoughts on War and Death | |
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| Causes of War | |
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| The Twentieth Century: The Triumph of Democracy | |
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| The Progress of Democracy | |
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| Communism | |
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| Totalitarianism | |
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| Theocracy in the Twentieth Century | |
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| Economic Justice | |
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| Why Not World Government? | |
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| One World, One Human Race | |
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| The Twentieth Century: Science and Technology | |
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| Greek Atomic Theory | |
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| The Revival of Atomic Theory | |
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| What Einstein Did | |
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| What the Bomb Taught Us | |
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| The Problem of Life | |
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| The Science of Heredity | |
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| How DNA Works | |
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| The Size of the Universe | |
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| Galaxies | |
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| The Smallness of Earth | |
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| The Big Bang and the Primordial Atom | |
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| Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle | |
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| Uncertainties of Knowledge | |
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| One Giant Step | |
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| Green Rebellion | |
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| The Terrestrial Greenhouse | |
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| Digital Computers and Knowledge | |
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| Turing Machines | |
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| Technological Dependence | |
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| Triumphs of Medicine | |
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| Drug Cultures | |
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| The AIDS Challenge | |
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| The Twentieth Century: Art and the Media | |
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| The Media and Their Messages | |
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| A Visual Revolution: Picasso, Braque, Cubism | |
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| Pollock, Rothko, and the Hexagonal Room | |
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| Urban Revolution: The Bauhaus and Le Corbusier | |
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| Literary Prophets: Yeats | |
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| A Passage to India | |
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| The Castle and the Magician | |
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| Waiting for Godot | |
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| Mass Media and Education | |
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| The Next Hundred Years | |
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| Computers: The Next Stage | |
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| The Moral Problem of Intelligent Machines | |
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| Companion Computers | |
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| The Birth of Thinking Machines | |
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| Three Worlds: Big, Little, Middle-sized | |
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| Chaos, a New Science | |
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| Mining Language: Ideonomy | |
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| Exploring the Solar System | |
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| The Message? | |
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| Man as a Terrestrial Neighbor | |
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| The Gaia Hypothesis | |
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| Genetic Engineering | |
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| Eugenics | |
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| Mapping the Genome | |
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| Democracy and Eugenics | |
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| Speed | |
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| Addictions | |
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| War in the Twenty-first Century | |
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| Computer Revolt | |
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| Index | |