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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Introduction: the action research cycle | |
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| Choosing to Change | |
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| Choose a social practice to change or improve | |
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| Preparing to take Step 1 | |
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| a case from practice | |
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| Taking your first step: your actions and reflections | |
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| Further resources: going deeper | |
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| Ask a question about your chosen social practice | |
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| Preparing to take Step 2 | |
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| a case from practice | |
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| Taking your second step: your actions and reflections | |
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| Further resources: going deeper | |
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| Planning for a Change | |
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| Learn more about the action research family | |
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| Preparing to take Step 3 | |
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| a case from practice | |
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| Taking your third step: your actions and reflections | |
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| Further resources: going deeper | |
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| Learn more about your topic from the literature | |
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| What is a literature review? | |
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| A literature review to meet your need | |
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| Starting your literature review | |
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| Analysing the results of your literature review | |
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| Sharing the results of your literature review | |
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| a case from practice | |
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| Taking your fourth step: your actions and reflections | |
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| Further resources: going deeper | |
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| Learn more about your ethical responsibilities | |
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| Introducing ethics | |
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| Researchers' general ethical responsibilities | |
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| Action researchers' specific ethical responsibilities | |
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| Collaborative action researchers' specific ethical responsibilities | |
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| Action researchers' specific ethical responsibilities in early childhood settings | |
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| a case from practice | |
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| Taking your fifth step: your actions and reflections | |
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| Further Resources: going deeper | |
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| Learn about reflection, critical reflection and practice | |
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| Reflection and reflective practice | |
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| Critical thinking and critically reflective practice | |
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| Critical reflection in action research for professional change | |
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| Critical reflection in action research for social change | |
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| a case from practice | |
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| Taking (and retaking) your sixth step: your actions and reflections | |
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| Further Resources: going deeper | |
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| Map the practicalities of researching in your context | |
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| Find helpers and anticipate hindrances | |
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| Inform relevant others about your project | |
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| Plan your first steps | |
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| a case from practice | |
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| Taking your seventh step: your actions and reflections | |
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| Further resources: going deeper | |
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| Plan to make your research rigorous and valid | |
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| Introducing rigour and validity | |
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| 'Fit-for-purpose' rigour and validity: considering scope and scale | |
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| Scientific rigour | |
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| Alternative forms of rigour | |
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| Rigour in action research | |
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| Approaches to validity | |
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| Validity in action research | |
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| a case from practice | |
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| Taking the eighth step: your actions and reflections | |
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| Further resources: going deeper | |
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| Creating Change | |
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| Form an action research group | |
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| Why research collaboratively? | |
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| Forming a collaborative action research group | |
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| Maintaining participation in a group | |
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| Planning for diversity | |
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| Maintaining critical reflections, maintaining relationships | |
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| a case from practice | |
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| Taking your ninth step: your actions and reflections | |
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| Further resources: going deeper | |
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| Gather 'baseline' data | |
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| Defining our terms | |
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| An appropriate data collection strategy | |
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| Sources of data | |
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| Documenting your data | |
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| a case from practice | |
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| Taking your tenth step: your actions and reflections | |
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| Further resources: going deeper | |
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| Create a change and collect data about its effects | |
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| cases from practice | |
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| Taking your eleventh step: your actions and reflections | |
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| Further resources: going deeper | |
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| Analyse your data | |
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| What is 'data analysis'? | |
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| Organizing the data for analysis | |
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| Coding the data | |
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| Sifting the data for patterns | |
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| Analysing the data and displaying the results | |
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| a case from practice | |
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| Taking your twelfth step: your actions and reflections | |
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| Further resources: going deeper | |
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| Deepen and broaden your data and understandings | |
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| Where next? | |
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| Broadening and deepening your data | |
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| Broadening and deepening your understandings | |
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| a case from practice | |
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| Taking your thirteenth step: your actions and reflections | |
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| Further resources: going deeper | |
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| Choose a further social practice to change or improve, perhaps guided by a new research question | |
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| Choose another social practice to change or improve | |
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| some cases from practice | |
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| Taking your fourteenth step: your actions and reflections | |
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| Further resources: going deeper | |
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| Sharing the Lessons of Your Change | |
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| Draw Conclusions from your analysis | |
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| The limits of general advice | |
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| To conclude or not to conclude? | |
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| How to conclude | |
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| a case from practice | |
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| Further Resources: going deeper | |
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| Share the lessons of your project | |
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| A formal, written project report | |
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| An article in an academic, peer-reviewed journal | |
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| A book chapter | |
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| An Article in a specialist magazine | |
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| A page on a project website | |
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| A formal presentation to a conference | |
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| An informal presentation to colleagues, children or parents | |
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| Deciding how best to share the lessons | |
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| a case from practice | |
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| Further resources: going deeper | |
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| References | |
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| Author index | |
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| Subject index | |