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Preface | |
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About the Authors | |
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Data and Statistics | |
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Statistics in Practice: Business Week | |
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Applications in Business and Economics | |
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Accounting | |
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Finance | |
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Marketing | |
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Production | |
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Economics | |
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Data | |
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Elements, Variables, and Observations | |
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Scales of Measurement | |
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Qualitative and Quantitative Data | |
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Cross-Sectional and Time Series Data | |
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Data Sources | |
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Existing Sources | |
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Statistical Studies | |
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Data Acquisition Errors | |
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Descriptive Statistics | |
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Statistical Inference | |
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Statistical Analysis Using Microsoft Excel | |
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Data Sets and Excel Worksheets | |
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Using Excel for Statistical Analysis | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Supplementary Exercises | |
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An Introduction to SWStat+ | |
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Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Presentations | |
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Statistics in Practice: Colgate-Palmolive Company | |
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Summarizing Qualitative Data | |
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Frequency Distribution | |
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Using Excel's COUNTIF Function to Construct a Frequency Distribution | |
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Relative Frequency and Percent Frequency Distributions | |
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Using Excel to Construct Relative Frequency and Percent Frequency Distributions | |
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Bar Graphs and Pie Charts | |
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Using Excel's Chart Wizard to Construct Bar Graphs and Pie Charts | |
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Summarizing Quantitative Data | |
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Frequency Distribution | |
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Using Excel's FREQUENCY Function to Construct a Frequency Distribution | |
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Relative Frequency and Percent Frequency Distributions | |
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Histogram | |
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Using Excel's Chart Wizard to Construct a Histogram | |
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Cumulative Distributions | |
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Using Excel's Histogram Tool to Construct a Frequency Distribution and Histogram | |
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Exploratory Data Analysis: The Stem-and-Leaf Display | |
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Crosstabulations and Scatter Diagrams | |
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Crosstabulation | |
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Using Excel's PivotTable Report to Construct a Crosstabulation | |
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Simpson's Paradox | |
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Scatter Diagram and Trendline | |
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Using Excel's Chart Wizard to Construct a Scatter Diagram and a Trendline | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Key Formulas | |
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Supplementary Exercises | |
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Case Problem Pelican Stores | |
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Descriptive Statistics: Numerical Measures | |
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Statistics in Practice: Small Fry Design | |
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Measures of Location | |
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Mean | |
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Median | |
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Mode | |
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Using Excel to Compute the Mean, Median, and Mode | |
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Percentiles | |
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Quartiles | |
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Using Excel's Rank and Percentile Tool to Compute Percentiles and Quartiles | |
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Measures of Variability | |
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Range | |
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Interquartile Range | |
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Variance | |
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Standard Deviation | |
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Using Excel to Compute the Sample Variance and Sample Standard Deviation | |
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Coefficient of Variation | |
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Using Excel's Descriptive Statistics Tool | |
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Measures of Distribution Shape, Relative Location, and Detecting Outliers | |
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Distribution Shape | |
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z-Scores | |
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Chebyshev's Theorem | |
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Empirical Rule | |
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Detecting Outliers | |
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Exploratory Data Analysis | |
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Five-Number Summary | |
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Box Plot | |
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Measures of Association Between Two Variables | |
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Covariance | |
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Interpretation of the Covariance | |
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Correlation Coefficient | |
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Interpretation of the Correlation Coefficient | |
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Using Excel to Compute the Covariance and Correlation Coefficient | |
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The Weighted Mean and Working with Grouped Data | |
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Weighted Mean | |
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Grouped Data | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Key Formulas | |
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Supplementary Exercises | |
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Pelican Stores | |
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National Health Care Association | |
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Business Schools of Asia-Pacific | |
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Constructing a Box Plot Using SWStat+ | |
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Introduction to Probability | |
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Statistics in Practice: Morton International | |
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Experiments, Counting Rules, and Assigning Probabilities | |
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Counting Rules, Combinations, and Permutations | |
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Assigning Probabilities | |
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Probabilities for the KP&L Project | |
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Events and Their Probabilities | |
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Some Basic Relationships of Probability | |
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Complement of an Event | |
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Addition Law | |
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Conditional Probability | |
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Independent Events | |
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Multiplication Law | |
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Bayes' Theorem | |
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Tabular Approach | |
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Using Excel to Compute Posterior Probabilities | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Key Formulas | |
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Supplementary Exercises | |
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Case Problem Hamilton County Judges | |
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Discrete Probability Distributions | |
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Statistics in Practice: Citibank | |
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Random Variables | |
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Discrete Random Variables | |
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Continuous Random Variables | |
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Discrete Probability Distributions | |
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Expected Value and Variance | |
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Expected Value | |
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Variance | |
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Using Excel to Compute the Expected Value, Variance, and Standard Deviation | |
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Binomial Probability Distribution | |
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A Binomial Experiment | |
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Martin Clothing Store Problem | |
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Using Excel to Compute Binomial Probabilities | |
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Expected Value and Variance for the Binomial Probability Distribution | |
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Poisson Probability Distribution | |
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An Example Involving Time Intervals | |
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An Example Involving Length or Distance Intervals | |
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Using Excel to Compute Poisson Probabilities | |
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Hypergeometric Probability Distribution | |
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Using Excel to Compute Hypergeometric Probabilities | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Key Formulas | |
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Supplementary Exercises | |
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Continuous Probability Distributions | |
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Statistics in Practice: Procter & Gamble | |
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Uniform Probability Distribution | |
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Area as a Measure of Probability | |
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Normal Probability Distribution | |
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Normal Curve | |
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Standard Normal Probability Distrbution | |
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Computing Probabilities for Any Normal Probability Distribution | |
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Grear Tire Company Problem | |
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Using Excel to Compute Normal Probabilities | |
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Exponential Probability Distribution | |
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Computing Probabilities for the Exponential Distribution | |
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Relationship Between the Poisson and Exponential Distributions | |
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Using Excel to Compute Exponential Probabilities | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Key Formulas | |
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Supplementary Exercises | |
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Case Problem Specialty Toys | |
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Sampling and Sampling Distributions | |
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Statistics in Practice: MeadWestvaco Corporation | |
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The Electronics Associates Sampling Problem | |
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Simple Random Sampling | |
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Sampling from a Finite Population | |
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Sampling from an Infinite Population | |
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Point Estimation | |
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Introduction to Sampling Distributions | |
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Sampling Distribution of x | |
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Expected Value of x | |
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Standard Deviation of x | |
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Form of the Sampling Distribution of x | |
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Sampling Distribution of x for the EAI Problem | |
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Practical Value of the Sampling Distribution of x | |
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Relationship Between Sample Size and the Sampling Distribution of x | |
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Sampling Distribution of p | |
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Expected Value of p | |
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Standard Deviation of p | |
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Form of the Sampling Distribution of p | |
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Practical Value of the Sampling Distribution of p | |
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Sampling Methods | |
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Stratified Random Sampling | |
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Cluster Sampling | |
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Systematic Sampling | |
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Convenience Sampling | |
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Judgment Sampling | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Key Formulas | |
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Supplementary Exercises | |
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Interval Estimation | |
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Statistics in Practice: Food Lion | |
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Population Mean: [sigma] Known | |
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Margin of Error and the Interval Estimate | |
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Using Excel | |
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Practical Advice | |
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Population Mean: [sigma] Unknown | |
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Margin of Error and the Interval Estimate | |
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Using Excel | |
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Practical Advice | |
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Using a Small Sample | |
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Summary of Interval Estimation Procedures | |
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Determining the Sample Size | |
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Population Proportion | |
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Using Excel | |
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Determining the Sample Size | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Key Formulas | |
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Supplementary Exercises | |
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Bock Investment Services | |
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Gulf Real Estate Properties | |
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Metropolitan Research, Inc. | |
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Hypothesis Tests | |
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Statistics in Practice: John Morrell & Company | |
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Developing Null and Alternative Hypotheses | |
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Testing Research Hypotheses | |
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Testing the Validity of a Claim | |
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Testing in Decision-Making Situations | |
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Summary of Forms for Null and Alternative Hypotheses | |
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Type I and Type II Errors | |
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Population Mean: [sigma] Known | |
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One-Tailed Test | |
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Two-Tailed Test | |
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Using Excel | |
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Summary and Practical Advice | |
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Relationship Between Interval Estimation and Hypothesis Testing | |
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Population Mean: [sigma] Unknown | |
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One-Tailed Test | |
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Two-Tailed Test | |
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Using Excel | |
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Summary and Practical Advice | |
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Population Proportion | |
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Using Excel | |
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Summary | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Key Formulas | |
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Supplementary Exercises | |
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Quality Associates, Inc. | |
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Unemployment Study | |
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Comparisons Involving Means | |
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Statistics in Practice: Fisons Corporation | |
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Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population Means: [sigma subscript 1] and [sigma subscript 2] Known | |
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Interval Estimation of [mu subscript 1] - [mu subscript 2] | |
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Using Excel to Construct a Confidence Interval | |
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Hypothesis Tests About [mu subscript 1] - [mu subscript 2] | |
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Using Excel to Conduct a Hypothesis Test | |
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Practical Advice | |
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Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population Means: [sigma subscript 1] and [sigma subscript 2] Unknown | |
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Interval Estimation of [mu subscript 1] - [mu subscript 2] | |
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Using Excel to Construct a Confidence Interval | |
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Hypothesis Tests About [mu subscript 1] - [mu subscript 2] | |
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Using Excel to Conduct a Hypothesis Test | |
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Practical Advice | |
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Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population Means: Matched Samples | |
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Using Excel to Conduct a Hypothesis Test | |
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Introduction to Analysis of Variance | |
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Assumptions for Analysis of Variance | |
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Conceptual Overview | |
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Analysis of Variance: Testing for the Equality of k Population Means | |
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Between-Treatments Estimate of Population Variance | |
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Within-Treatments Estimate of Population Variance | |
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Comparing the Variance Estimates: The F Test | |
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ANOVA Table | |
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Using Excel | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Key Formulas | |
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Supplementary Exercises | |
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Par, Inc. | |
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Wentworth Medical Center | |
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Compensation for ID Professionals | |
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Comparisons Involving Proportions and a Test of Independence | |
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Statistics in Practice: United Way | |
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Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population Proportions | |
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Interval Estimation of p[subscript 1] - p[subscript 2] | |
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Using Excel to Construct a Confidence Interval | |
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Hypothesis Tests About p[subscript 1] - p[subscript 2] | |
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Using Excel to Conduct a Hypothesis Test | |
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Hypothesis Test for Proportions of a Multinomial Population | |
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Using Excel to Conduct a Goodness of Fit Test | |
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Test of Independence | |
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Using Excel to Conduct a Test of Independence | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Key Formulas | |
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Supplementary Exercises | |
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Case Problem A Bipartisan Agenda for Change | |
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Simple Linear Regression | |
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Statistics in Practice: Alliance Data Systems | |
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Simple Linear Regression Model | |
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Regression Model and Regression Equation | |
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Estimated Regression Equation | |
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Least Squares Method | |
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Using Excel to Develop a Scatter Diagram and Compute the Estimated Regression Equation | |
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Coefficient of Determination | |
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Using Excel to Compute the Coefficient of Determination | |
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Correlation Coefficient | |
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Model Assumptions | |
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Testing for Significance | |
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Estimate of [sigma superscript 2] | |
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t Test | |
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Confidence Interval for [beta subscript 1] | |
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F Test | |
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Some Cautions About the Interpretation of Significance Tests | |
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Excel's Regression Tool | |
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Using Excel's Regression Tool for the Armand's Pizza Parlors Problem | |
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Interpretation of Estimated Regression Equation Output | |
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Interpretation of ANOVA Output | |
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Interpretation of Regression Statistics Output | |
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Using the Estimated Regression Equation for Estimation and Prediction | |
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Point Estimation | |
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Interval Estimation | |
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Confidence Interval Estimate of the Mean Value of y | |
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Prediction Interval Estimate of an Individual Value of y | |
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Using Excel to Develop Confidence and Prediction Interval Estimates | |
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Residual Analysis: Validating Model Assumptions | |
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Residual Plot Against x | |
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Residual Plot Against y | |
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Using Excel's Regression Tool to Construct a Residual Plot | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Key Formulas | |
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Supplementary Exercises | |
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Spending and Student Achievement | |
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U.S. Department of Transportation | |
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Alumni Giving | |
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Major League Baseball Teams Values | |
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Regression Analysis with SWStat+ | |
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Multiple Regression | |
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Statistics in Practice: International Paper | |
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Multiple Regression Model | |
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Regression Model and Regression Equation | |
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Estimated Multiple Regression Equation | |
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Least Squares Method | |
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An Example: Butler Trucking Company | |
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Using Excel's Regression Tool to Develop the Estimated Multiple Regression Equation | |
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Note on Interpretation of Coefficients | |
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Multiple Coefficient of Determination | |
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Model Assumptions | |
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Testing for Significance | |
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F Test | |
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t Test | |
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Multicollinearity | |
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Using the Estimated Regression Equation for Estimation and Prediction | |
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Qualitative Independent Variables | |
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An Example: Johnson Filtration, Inc. | |
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Interpreting the Parameters | |
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More Complex Qualitative Variables | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Key Formulas | |
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Supplementary Exercises | |
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Consumer Research, Inc. | |
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Predicting Student Proficiency Test Scores | |
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Alumni Giving | |
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Multiple Regression Analysis with SWStat+ | |
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Statistical Methods for Quality Control | |
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Statistics in Practice: Dow Chemical | |
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Philosophies and Frameworks | |
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Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award | |
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ISO 9000 | |
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Six Sigma | |
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Statistical Process Control | |
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Control Charts | |
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x Chart: Process Mean and Standard Deviation Known | |
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x Chart: Process Mean and Standard Deviation Unknown | |
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R Chart | |
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Using Excel to Construct an R Chart and an x Chart | |
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p Chart | |
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np Chart | |
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Interpretation of Control Charts | |
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Acceptance Sampling | |
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KALI, Inc.: An Example of Acceptance Sampling | |
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Computing the Probability of Accepting a Lot | |
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Selecting an Acceptance Sampling Plan | |
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Multiple Sampling Plans | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Key Formulas | |
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Supplementary Exercises | |
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References and Bibliography | |
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Tables | |
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Summation Notation | |
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Self-Test Solutions and Answers to Even-Numbered Exercises | |
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Using Excel Functions | |
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Index | |