| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Why Study State and Local Government Finance? | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Fiscal Characteristics of the Subnational Public Sector | |
| |
| |
| Diversity of Subnational Governments | |
| |
| |
| International Comparison | |
| |
| |
| Fiscal Role of Subnational Governments | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Microeconomic Analysis: Market Efficiency and Market Failure | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| The Efficiency of the Market | |
| |
| |
| When Markets Are Not Efficient | |
| |
| |
| Distributional Concerns | |
| |
| |
| Efficient Provision of Public Goods | |
| |
| |
| Application to State and Local Governments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Public and Private Provision of Public Safety | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Public Choice and Fiscal Federalism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Public Choice Without Mobility: Voting | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Fiscal Choices | |
| |
| |
| Majority Voting | |
| |
| |
| Alternative Voting Methods | |
| |
| |
| Monopoly Models of Fiscal Choice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Voting for Public School Budgets | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Indifference Curve Approach to Voting Models | |
| |
| |
| |
| Demand for State and Local Goods and Services | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Understanding and Measuring Demand | |
| |
| |
| Evidence on Demand | |
| |
| |
| |
| Business Demand for Government Service | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Characterizing Demand | |
| |
| |
| |
| Public Choice Through Mobility | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| The Tiebout Hypothesis | |
| |
| |
| Evaluation of the Model | |
| |
| |
| Extensions of the Tiebout Model | |
| |
| |
| Public Choice: Evidence and Reality | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Organization of Subnational Government | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| The Economic Issues | |
| |
| |
| Optimal Government Size | |
| |
| |
| Policy Applications | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Provision of State and Local Goods and Services | |
| |
| |
| |
| Costs and Supply of State and Local Goods and Services | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Measurement and Production of Government Services | |
| |
| |
| Productivity and Costs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Technology and the Production of Public Safety | |
| |
| |
| Private Provision of Public Services | |
| |
| |
| |
| Producing City Fire Protection Services | |
| |
| |
| |
| Privatizing Entire State Departments | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pricing of Government Goods-User Charges | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Types and Use of Charges | |
| |
| |
| Theory of User Charges | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pricing at Congested Tennis Courts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Parking Fees and Parking Meters | |
| |
| |
| Application of User Charges | |
| |
| |
| International Comparison | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Intergovernmental Grants | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Grants in the U.S. Fiscal System | |
| |
| |
| Purposes of Grants | |
| |
| |
| Types of Grants | |
| |
| |
| Economic Effects: Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Health Care and the Changing Composition of Grants | |
| |
| |
| Economic Effects: Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Intergovernmental Grant Policy | |
| |
| |
| International Comparison | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Indifference-Curve Analysis of Grants | |
| |
| |
| |
| Borrowing and Debt | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| The Role of Debt Finance | |
| |
| |
| Tax Exemption for State and Local Bond Interest | |
| |
| |
| Implications and Analysis of the Tax Exemption | |
| |
| |
| |
| Financing for Sports Facilities: New Options | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Budget Process | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| State Budget Results | |
| |
| |
| The State Budget Schedule | |
| |
| |
| State Budgeting Rules | |
| |
| |
| Tax and Expenditure Limits | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Revenue for State-Local Governments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Principles of Tax Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| The Economic Issues: Incidence and Efficiency | |
| |
| |
| Single-Market Tax Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Multimarket Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| State Diesel Fuel Taxes: Multimarket Analysis in Practice | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Indifference-Curve Analysis of Tax Efficiency | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Property Tax: Institutions and Structure | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Property Tax Reliance and Trends | |
| |
| |
| The Property Tax Process | |
| |
| |
| Property Assessment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Opportunity Cost and the Value of Leased Commercial Properties | |
| |
| |
| Property Tax-Relief or Reduction Measures | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Property Tax: Economic Analysis and Effects | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Property Taxes as Capital Taxes | |
| |
| |
| Is the Property Tax Regressive? | |
| |
| |
| Land Value Taxation | |
| |
| |
| Voting on Property Taxes | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sales and Excise Taxes | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Reliance on Consumption Taxes | |
| |
| |
| Consumption Tax Structure Issues | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sales Taxes on Services | |
| |
| |
| Economic Analysis: Efficiency | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cigarette Taxes and Cigarette Smuggling | |
| |
| |
| |
| E-Commerce and State Taxation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Streamlined Sales Tax Project | |
| |
| |
| Economic Analysis: Equity | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Income Taxes | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Reliance on Income Taxes | |
| |
| |
| Income Tax Structure | |
| |
| |
| Economic Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Federal Collection of State Taxes | |
| |
| |
| |
| State Income Taxation and an Aging Population | |
| |
| |
| The Choice of State Tax Structure | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Business Taxes | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Reliance on Business Taxes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tax Avoidance Through Holding Companies | |
| |
| |
| Business Tax Structure Issues | |
| |
| |
| Economic Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Discriminatory Business Taxes: The Insurance Case | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Revenue from Government Monopoly and Regulation | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Economics of Government Monopoly | |
| |
| |
| |
| Your City: Brought to You by All Everything Corp | |
| |
| |
| Operation of Government Monopoly | |
| |
| |
| |
| New Hampshire Sells Liquor | |
| |
| |
| |
| Beating the Odds: Betting Syndicates | |
| |
| |
| |
| METOO-1: Personalized and Specialty License Plates | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Applications and Policy Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Education | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Financing Education | |
| |
| |
| |
| State Attempts to Reform Education Finance: The Cases of California and Michigan | |
| |
| |
| Producing Education | |
| |
| |
| |
| School Size and Performance | |
| |
| |
| International Comparison | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transportation | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Financing Transportation: Current Practice | |
| |
| |
| International Comparison | |
| |
| |
| Financing Transportation: Theoretical Issues and Alternative Practices | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gasoline Prices, Consumption, and Taxes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Evaluating State Transportation Policy: The Michigan Case | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Health and Welfare | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Poverty and Health Care in the United States | |
| |
| |
| Financing Welfare and Health-Care Services: Major Programs | |
| |
| |
| Financing Health and Welfare Services: Policy and Structural Issues | |
| |
| |
| International Comparison: Providing Health-Care Services | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Economic Development | |
| |
| |
| Headlines | |
| |
| |
| Interstate Differences in Economic Conditions | |
| |
| |
| Interstate Differences in Fiscal Policy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Enterprise Zones (EZs) | |
| |
| |
| Effects of Fiscal Factors: Theory | |
| |
| |
| Effects of Fiscal Factors: Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Policy Issues | |
| |
| |
| |
| Business Climate Studies and Rankings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Assembling Land for Public Use | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| Selected Reading | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Subject Index | |
| |
| |
| Name Index | |