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General Principles | |
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Information, Sources, and Regulatory Agencies | |
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History | |
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Pharmacology and the Oral Health Care Providers | |
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Sources of Information | |
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Explain-Discuss Format | |
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Reference-List Format | |
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Types of Media | |
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Drug Names | |
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Drug Substitution | |
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Top 200 Drugs | |
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Federal Regulatory Agencies | |
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Harrison Narcotic Act | |
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Food and Drug Administration | |
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Federal Trade Commission | |
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Drug Enforcement Administration | |
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Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act | |
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Drug Action and Handling | |
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Characterization of Drug Action | |
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Log Dose Effect Curve | |
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Potency | |
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Efficacy | |
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Chemical Signaling between Cells | |
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Mechanism of Action of Drugs | |
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Nerve Transmission | |
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Receptors | |
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Stereoisomerism | |
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Routes of Administration and Dose Forms | |
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Routes of Administration | |
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Dose Forms | |
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Pharmacokinetics | |
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Passage across Body Membranes | |
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Absorption | |
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Distribution | |
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Half-Life | |
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Blood-Brain Barrier | |
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Redistribution | |
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Metabolism (Biotransformation) | |
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Factors that Alter Drug Effects | |
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Calculation of Children's Dose | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Definitions and Classifications | |
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Clinical Manifestations of Adverse Reactions | |
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Exaggerated Effect on Target Tissues | |
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Effect on Nontarget Tissues | |
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Effect on Fetal Development (Teratogenic Effect) | |
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Local Effect | |
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Drug Interactions | |
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Hypersensitivity (Allergic Reaction) | |
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Idiosyncrasy | |
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Interference with Natural Defense Mechanisms | |
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Toxicologic Evaluation of Drugs | |
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Prescription Writing | |
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Measurement | |
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Metric System | |
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Household Measures | |
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Prescriptions | |
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Format | |
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Explanations Accompanying Prescriptions | |
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Drug Legislation | |
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Scheduled Drugs | |
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Drugs Used in Dentistry | |
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Autonomic Drugs | |
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Autonomic Nervous System | |
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Anatomy | |
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Parasympathetic Autonomic Nervous System | |
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Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System | |
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Functional Organization | |
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Neurotransmitters | |
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Drug Groups | |
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Parasympathetic Autonomic Nervous System | |
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Cholinergic (Parasympathomimetic) agents | |
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Anticholinergic (Parasympatholytic) agents | |
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Nicotinic Agonists and Antagonists | |
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Sympathetic Nervous System | |
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Sympathetic Nervous System Receptors | |
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Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic) Agents | |
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Adrenergic Blocking Agents | |
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Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs | |
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Nonopioid (Nonnarcotic) Analgesics | |
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Pain | |
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Classification | |
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Salicylates | |
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Acetylsalicylic Acid | |
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Other Salicylates | |
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Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs | |
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Chemical Classification | |
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Mechanism of Action | |
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Pharmacokinetics | |
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Pharmacologic Effects | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Contraindications and Cautions | |
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Therapeutic Uses | |
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Specific Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs | |
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Acetaminophen | |
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Pharmacokinetics | |
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Pharmacologic Effects | |
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Adverse Effects | |
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Drug Interactions | |
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Uses | |
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Dose and Preparations | |
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Drugs Used to Treat Gout | |
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Colchicine | |
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Allopurinol | |
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Probenecid | |
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Opioid (Narcotic) Analgesics and Antagonists | |
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History | |
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Terminology | |
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Classification | |
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Mechanism of Action | |
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Pharmacokinetics | |
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Pharmacologic Effects | |
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Analgesia | |
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Sedation and Euphoria | |
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Cough Suppression | |
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Gastrointestinal Effects | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Respiratory Depression | |
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Nausea and Emesis | |
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Constipation | |
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Myosis | |
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Urinary Retention | |
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Central Nervous System Effects | |
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Cardiovascular Effects | |
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Biliary Tract Constriction | |
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Histamine Release | |
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Pregnancy and Nursing | |
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Addiction | |
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Treatment | |
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Allergic Reactions | |
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Drug Interactions | |
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Specific Opioids | |
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Opioid Agonists | |
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Mixed Opioids | |
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Tramadol | |
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Dental Use of Opioids | |
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Antiinfective Agents | |
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Dental Infection "Evolution" | |
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History | |
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Definitions | |
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Culture and Sensitivity | |
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Culture | |
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Sensitivity | |
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Indications for Antimicrobial Agents | |
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Therapeutic Indications | |
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Prophylactic Indications | |
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General Adverse Reactions Associated with Antiinfective Agents | |
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Superinfection (Suprainfection) | |
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Allergic Reactions | |
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Drug Interactions | |
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Gastrointestinal Complaints | |
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Pregnancy | |
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Dose Forms | |
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Cost | |
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Penicillins | |
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Source and Chemistry | |
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Pharmacokinetics | |
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Mechanism of Action | |
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Spectrum | |
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Resistance | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Allergy and Hypersensitivity | |
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Uses | |
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Specific Penicillins | |
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Macrolides | |
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Erythromycin | |
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Azithromycin and Clarithromycin | |
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Tetracyclines | |
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Pharmacokinetics | |
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Spectrum | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Drug Interactions | |
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Uses | |
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Clindamycin | |
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Pharmacokinetics | |
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Spectrum | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Uses | |
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Metronidazole | |
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Pharmacokinetics | |
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Spectrum | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Drug Interactions | |
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Uses | |
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Cephalosporins | |
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Pharmacokinetics | |
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Spectrum | |
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Mechanism of Action | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Uses | |
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Rational Use of Antiinfective Agents in Dentistry | |
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Antimicrobial Agents for Nondental Use | |
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Vancomycin | |
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Aminoglycosides | |
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Chloramphenicol | |
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Sulfonamides | |
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Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim | |
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Nitrofurantoin | |
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Quinolones (Fluoroquinolones) | |
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Antituberculosis Agents | |
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Isoniazid | |
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Rifampin | |
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Pyrazinamide | |
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Ethambutol | |
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Topical Antibiotics | |
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Neomycin, Polymyxin, and Bacitracin | |
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Mupirocin | |
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Antibiotic Prophylaxis Used in Dentistry | |
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Prevention of Infective Endocarditis | |
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Prosthetic Joint Prophylaxis | |
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Noncardiac Medical Conditions | |
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Antifungal and Antiviral Agents | |
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Antifungal Agents | |
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Nystatin | |
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Imidazoles | |
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Other Antifungal Agents | |
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Antiviral Agents | |
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Herpes Simplex | |
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome | |
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Local Anesthetics | |
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History | |
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Ideal Local Anesthetic | |
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Chemistry | |
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Mechanism of Action | |
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Action on Nerve Fibers | |
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Ionization Factors | |
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Pharmacokinetics | |
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Absorption | |
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Distribution | |
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Metabolism | |
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Excretion | |
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Pharmacologic Effects | |
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Peripheral Nerve Conduction (Blocker) | |
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Antiarrhythmic | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Composition of Local Anesthetic Solutions | |
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Local Anesthetic Agents | |
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Amides | |
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Esters | |
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Other Local Anesthetics | |
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Vasoconstrictors | |
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Drug Interactions | |
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Choice of Local Anesthetic | |
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Topical Anesthetics | |
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Amides | |
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Esters | |
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Precautions in Topical Anesthesia | |
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Doses of Local Anesthetic and Vasoconstrictor | |
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Antianxiety Agents | |
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Definitions | |
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Benzodiazepines | |
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Chemistry | |
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Pharmacokinetics | |
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Mechanism of Action | |
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Pharmacologic Effects | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Abuse and Tolerance | |
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Drug Interactions | |
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Uses | |
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Management of the Dental Patient Taking Benzodiazepines | |
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Barbiturates | |
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Chemistry | |
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Pharmacokinetics | |
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Mechanism of Action | |
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Pharmacologic Effects | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Chronic Long-Term Use | |
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Contraindications | |
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Drug Interactions | |
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Uses | |
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Nonbenzodiazepine-nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotics | |
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Chloral Hydrate | |
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Buspirone | |
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Meprobamate | |
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Nonbenzodiazepine Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists | |
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Zolpidem | |
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Zaleplon | |
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Eszopiclone | |
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Melatonin Receptor Agonist | |
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Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants | |
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Pharmacologic Effects | |
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Individual Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants | |
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Miscellaneous Agents | |
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Baclofen | |
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Tizanidine | |
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Dantrolene | |
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General Comments about Antianxiety Agents | |
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Analgesic-Sedative Combinations | |
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Special Considerations | |
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Cautions | |
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General Anesthetics | |
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History | |
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Mechanism of Action | |
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Stages and Planes of Anesthesia | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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General Anesthetics | |
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Classification of Anesthetic Agents | |
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Nitrous Oxide | |
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Halogenated Hydrocarbons | |
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Other General Anesthetics | |
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Balanced General Anesthesia | |
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Vitamins and Minerals | |
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Measurements of Vitamin Needs | |
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Recommended Dietary Allowance | |
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Fallacious Reasoning about Vitamins | |
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Water-Soluble Vitamins | |
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Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) | |
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B-Complex Vitamins | |
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Fat-Soluble Vitamins | |
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Vitamin A | |
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Vitamin D | |
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Vitamin E | |
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Vitamin K | |
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Selected Minerals | |
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Iron | |
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Zinc | |
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Calcium | |
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Drug-Induced Vitamin Deficiencies | |
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Oral Conditions and Their Treatment | |
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Infectious Lesions | |
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Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis | |
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Herpes Infections | |
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Candidiasis (Moniliasis) | |
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Angular Cheilitis/Cheilosis | |
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Alveolar Osteitis | |
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Immune Reactions | |
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Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis | |
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Lichen Planus | |
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Miscellaneous Oral Conditions | |
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Geographic Tongue | |
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Burning Mouth or Tongue Syndrome | |
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Inflammation | |
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Pericoronitis | |
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Postirradiation Caries | |
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Root Sensitivity | |
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Actinic Lip Changes | |
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Drug-Induced Oral Side Effects | |
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Xerostomia | |
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Sialorrhea | |
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Hypersensitivity-Type Reactions | |
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Oral Lesions that Resemble Autoimmune-Type Reactions | |
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Stains | |
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Gingival Enlargement | |
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Common Agents Used to Treat Oral Lesions | |
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Corticosteroids | |
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Palliative Treatment | |
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Drugs That May Alter Dental Treatment | |
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Cardiovascular Drugs | |
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Dental Implications of Cardiovascular Disease | |
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Contraindications to Treatment | |
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Vasoconstrictor Limit | |
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Infective Endocarditis | |
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Cardiac Pacemakers | |
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Periodontal Disease and Cardiovascular Disease | |
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Cardiac Glycosides | |
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Congestive Heart Failure | |
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Digitalis Glycosides | |
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Antiarrhythmic Agents | |
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Automaticity | |
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Action Potential | |
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Arrhythmias | |
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Antiarrhythmic agents | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Dental Implications | |
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Antianginal Drugs | |
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Angina Pectoris | |
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Nitroglycerin-like Compounds | |
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Calcium Channel Blocking Agents | |
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[Beta]-Adrenergic Blocking Agents | |
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Ranolazine | |
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Dental Implications | |
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Antihypertensive Agents | |
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Patient Evaluation | |
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Treatment of Hypertension | |
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Diuretic Agents | |
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[Beta]-Adrenergic Blocking Agents | |
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Calcium Channel Blocking Agents | |
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Angiotensin-Related Agents | |
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[alpha subscript 1]-Adrenergic Blocking Agents | |
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Other Antihypertensive Agents | |
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Management of the Dental Patient Taking Antihypertensive Agents | |
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Antihyperlipidemic Agents | |
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3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors | |
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Niacin | |
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Cholestyramine | |
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Gemfibrozil | |
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Dental Implications | |
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Drugs that Affect Blood Coagulation | |
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Anticoagulants | |
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Drugs that Increase Blood Clotting | |
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Anticonvulsants | |
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Epilepsy | |
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Generalized Seizures | |
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Partial (Focal) Epilepsies | |
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Drug Therapy of Patients with Epilepsy | |
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General Adverse Reactions to Anticonvulsant Agents | |
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Carbamazepine | |
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Valproate | |
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Phenobarbital | |
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Phenytoin | |
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Miscellaneous Anticonvulsant Agents | |
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New Anticonvulsant Agents | |
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Dental Treatment of the Patient with Epilepsy | |
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Nonseizure Uses of Anticonvulsants | |
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Neurologic Pain | |
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Psychiatric Use | |
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Psychotherapeutic Agents | |
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Psychiatric Disorders | |
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Antipsychotic Agents | |
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Pharmacologic Effects | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Drug Interactions | |
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Uses | |
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Dental Implications | |
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Antidepressant Agents | |
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Tricyclic Antidepressants | |
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Second-Generation Antidepressants | |
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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors | |
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Bupropion | |
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Other Antidepressant Agents | |
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Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors | |
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Drugs for Treatment of Bipolar Depression | |
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Lithium | |
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Anticonvulsants | |
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Autocoids and Antihistamines | |
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Histamine | |
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Pharmacologic Effects | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Uses | |
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Antihistamines (H[subscript 1]-Receptor Antagonists) | |
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Pharmacologic Effects | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Toxicity | |
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Uses | |
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Peripheral (Nonsedating) H[subscript 1]-Receptor Antagonists | |
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Fexofenadine | |
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Loratidine | |
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Cetirizine | |
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Other Autocoids | |
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Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes | |
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Leukotrienes | |
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Kinins | |
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Substance P | |
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Adrenocorticosteroids | |
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Mechanism of Release | |
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Classification | |
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Definitions | |
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Routes of Administration | |
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Mechanism of Action | |
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Pharmacologic Effects | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Metabolic Changes | |
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Infections | |
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Central Nervous System Effects | |
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Peptic Ulcer | |
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Impaired Wound Healing and Osteoporosis | |
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Ophthalmic Effects | |
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Electrolyte and Fluid Balance | |
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Adrenal Crisis | |
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Dental Effects | |
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Uses | |
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Medical Uses | |
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Dental Uses | |
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Corticosteroid Products | |
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Dental Implications | |
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Adverse Reactions | |
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Steroid Supplementation | |
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Rule of Twos | |
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Topical Use | |
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Other Hormones | |
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Pituitary Hormones | |
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Anterior Pituitary | |
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Posterior Pituitary | |
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Thyroid Hormones | |
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Iodine | |
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Hypothyroidism | |
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Hyperthyroidism | |
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Pancreatic Hormones | |
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Diabetes Mellitus | |
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Female Sex Hormones | |
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Estrogens | |
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Progestins | |
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Oral Contraceptives | |
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Male Sex Hormones | |
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Androgens | |
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Other Agents that Affect Sex Hormone Systems | |
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Clomiphene | |
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Leuprolide | |
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Tamoxifen | |
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Danazol | |
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Aromatase Inhibitors | |
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Antineoplastic Drugs | |
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Use of Antineoplastic Agents | |
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Mechanisms of Action | |
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Classification | |
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Adverse Drug Effects | |
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Bone Marrow Suppression | |
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Osteonecrosis | |
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Gastrointestinal Effects | |
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Dermatologic Effects | |
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Hepatotoxicity | |
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Neurologic Effects | |
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Nephrotoxicity | |
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Immunosuppression | |
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Germ Cells | |
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Oral Effects | |
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Combinations | |
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Use in Treatment of Inflammatory Processes | |
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Dental Implications | |
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Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Drugs | |
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Respiratory Drugs | |
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Respiratory Diseases | |
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Drugs Used to Treat Respiratory Diseases | |
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Sympathomimetic Agents | |
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Metered-Dose Inhalers | |
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Corticosteroids | |
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Leukotriene-Pathway Inhibitors | |
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Methylxanthines | |
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Anticholinergics | |
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Agents Used to Manage Upper Respiratory Infections | |
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Dental Implications of the Respiratory Drugs | |
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Gastrointestinal Drugs | |
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Gastrointestinal Diseases | |
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Drugs Used to Treat Gastrointestinal Diseases | |
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Histamine[subscript 2]-Blocking Agents | |
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Proton Pump Inhibitors | |
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Mixed Antiinfective Therapy for Ulcer Treatment | |
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Antacids | |
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Miscellaneous Gastrointestinal Drugs | |
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Laxatives and Antidiarrheals | |
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Emetics and Antiemetics | |
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Agents Used to Manage Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease | |
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Special Situations | |
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Emergency Drugs | |
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General Measures | |
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Preparation for Treatment | |
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Categories of Emergencies | |
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Lost or Altered Consciousness | |
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Respiratory Emergencies | |
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Cardiovascular System Emergencies | |
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Other Emergency Situations | |
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Drug-Related Emergencies | |
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Emergency Kit for the Dental Office | |
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Drugs | |
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Equipment | |
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Pregnancy and Breast Feeding | |
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General Principles | |
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History | |
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Pregnancy | |
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Pregnancy Trimesters | |
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Teratogenicity | |
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Food and Drug Administration Pregnancy Categories | |
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Breast Feeding | |
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Dental Drugs | |
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Local Anesthetic Agents | |
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Analgesics | |
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Antiinfective Agents | |
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Antianxiety Agents | |
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Drug Interactions | |
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Mechanisms of Interactions | |
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Pharmacokinetic | |
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Pharmacodynamic | |
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Dental Drug Interactions | |
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Analgesics | |
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Antiinfectives | |
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Benzodiazepines | |
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Epinephrine | |
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Summary | |
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Drug Abuse | |
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General Considerations | |
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Definitions | |
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Psychologic Dependence | |
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Physical Dependence | |
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Tolerance | |
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Addiction, Habituation, and Dependence | |
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Central Nervous System Depressants | |
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Ethyl Alcohol | |
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Nitrous Oxide | |
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Opioid Analgesics | |
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Sedative-Hypnotics | |
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Central Nervous System Stimulants | |
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Cocaine | |
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Amphetamines | |
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Caffeine | |
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Tobacco | |
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Psychedelics (Hallucinogens) | |
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Lysergic Acid Diethylamide | |
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Phencyclidine | |
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Marijuana | |
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Identifying the Drug Abuser | |
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The Impaired Dental Health Care Worker | |
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Appendixes | |
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Top 200 Drugs (2005) | |
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Medical Acronyms | |
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Medical Terminology | |
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What If... | |
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Oral Manifestations: Xerostomia and Taste Changes | |
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Natural/Herbal Products | |
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Glossary | |
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Drug Index | |
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Index | |